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History : Cold War > KEY TOPIC 1 > Flashcards

KEY TOPIC 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What year was the Teheran Conference?

A

1943

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2
Q

What year was the Yalta Conference?

A

1945

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3
Q

What year was the Potsdam Conference?

A

1945

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4
Q

What 4 reasons started the Cold War?

A
  • Teheran Conference
  • Yalta Conference
  • Potsdam Conference
  • Tensions in the Grand Alliance
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5
Q

Why were there tensions in the Grand Alliance?

A
  • Churchill wanted Germany to be rebuilt
  • Roosevelt wanted a capitalist democracy
  • Stalin wanted a communist democracy
  • USSR didn’t do what it said in Poland (promised multiple parties but only had communist parties)
  • Stalin wanted for G to pay reparations
  • USA had advantage w/ atomic bomb
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6
Q

What were the USA and USSR beliefs on communism?

A

USA: Communism enslaved people to the state.

USSR: Communism is based on fairness

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7
Q

What were the USA and USSR beliefs on capitalism?

A

USA: Capitalism is based on freedom and democracy

USSR: Capitalism exploited the workers to make the rich richer

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8
Q

What were the USA’s 3 ideologies?

A
  • everyone should be free to make money for themselves
  • individuals are better at deciding what to make/sell than the state
  • trade between countries makes everyone richer
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9
Q

What were the USSR’s 3 ideologies?

A
  • capitalism only makes some people rich be exploiting everyone else
  • individuals are not as strong as everyone working together for the same aim
  • the state should take control of the economy to benefit everyone
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10
Q

When was the Long Telegram?

A

1946

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11
Q

What was the Long Telegram?

A

A secret report from the US ambassador Kennan in Moscow to President Truman

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12
Q

What did the Long Telegram say?

A
  • the USSR saw capitalism as a threat to communism so must be destroyed
  • the USSR was building its military power
  • peace between a communist USSR and a capitalist USA was impossible
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13
Q

When was Novikov’s Telegram?

A

1946

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14
Q

What was Novikov’s Telegram?

A

A report from Novikov’s, Soviet ambassador to the USA to Stalin

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15
Q

What did Novikov’s Telegram say?

A
  • the USA wanted world domination and was building up its military strength.
  • the USSR was the only country left after the war that could stand up the the USA.
  • the USA was preparing its people for war with the USSR.
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16
Q

What are the 4 key events in the arms race?

A
  1. 1945 USA drops two atomic bombs on Japanese cities
  2. 1949 USSR tests its first atomic bomb
  3. 1952 USA develops H-bomb
  4. 1953 USSR develops H-bomb
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17
Q

What happened with free / ‘free’ elections?

A
  • free elections agreed in Yalta and Potsdam by USSR for sphere of influence countries
  • USSR thought people would vote communist however most didn’t
  • USSR fixed elections so Communist Party won
  • once in power, opposition parties shut down, each country became a single-party state
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18
Q

When was Cominform? What did it stand for?

A

1947

Communist Information Bureau

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19
Q

What did Cominform do?

A

Organised communist parties in Europe, arranged their leadership, so that they did as Moscow told them to do

20
Q

What are the 2 key points about Cominform?

A
  • got rid of opposition of USSR’s control in satellite states.
  • encouraged communist parties in Western parties to block Marshal Plan assistance.
21
Q

When was Comecon? What did it stand for?

A

1949

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

22
Q

Why was Comecon set up?

A

It was USSR’s alternative to the Marshall Plan

23
Q

What were the 2 key points for Comecon? Give some examples of Comecon countries

A
  • it built up trade links between Comecon countries
  • it prevented Comecon countries signing up for the Marshall Plan.
  • USSR
  • Bulgaria
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Hungary
  • Poland
  • Romania
  • Albania
  • GDR from 1950
24
Q

What was the consequence of Cominform and Comecon?

A
  • Western Europe was now one camp, linked to USA through Marshall Plan and the US policy of containment of communism.
  • Eastern Europe was now one camp, tied to USSR as satellite states and USSR believed socialist revolution would spread worldwide.
25
Q

What were Truman’s concerns?

A
  • Europe was devestates after war
  • Communism was attractive (due to lack of hope, jobs and money)
  • Concern of many countries going communist (many were liberated from Nazis by Soviets, some had it forced upon them, some too poor to combat it)
26
Q

What year was the Truman Doctrine?

A

1947

27
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

A speech made by Truman to set out why the USA should get involved

28
Q

What were the main parts of the Truman Doctrine?

A
  • Countries faced a choice between either capitalism or communism.
  • Communism was bad as people couldn’t be free.
  • The USA must try to contain the spread of communism.
  • The USA should provide money and troops to help free govs the combat communist takeover.
29
Q

What year was the Marshall Plan?

A

1947

30
Q

What were the main parts of the Marshall Plan?

A
  • $13 Billion USA to help revuild Europe.
  • Communism appealed to most people with nothing to lose, Marshall Plan gave people a stake in capitalist system.
  • Countries must trade with USA to get this money.
  • 16 Western European coutries took the money.
  • The USSR criticised it as an attack.
31
Q

What were the opinions about Bizonia?

A

US and UK: it made sense to join as it’s easier to administer.
USSR: Stalin not consulted. Thought it went against Potsdam agreements. Suspected USA aimed to permanently divide rich west from poor east

32
Q

Germany: what did USA want and what did it lead to?

A

Wanted reunification: united capitalist Germany that USA could trade with and prevent spread of communism.

Lead to Bizonia

33
Q

Germany: what did USSR want and what did it lead to?

A

Wanted division: for Germany to be weak, communist and divided, never strong enough to attack USSR again.

Lead to Berlin Blockade.

34
Q

What happened in the Berlin Blockade?

A
  • USSR 1.5million troops in its zone, Western countries sent most troops home.
  • Eastern Germany grew nearly all the food that West ate
  • Berlin was deep in USSR-controlled zone, was divided into zones.
  • USSR blocked all supplies to show its power in stopping a divided Germany working.
35
Q

What was the Berlin Airlift?

A
  • Western powers didn’t want to pull out - weak, would undermine USA’s image.
  • Responded to Blockade with airlift
36
Q

What did the Blockade / Airlift present the USA and USSR as?

A

Airlift showed USA as peaceful and generous.

Blockade showed USSR as aggressive and threatening.

37
Q

When were FRG and GDR formed? What were they?

A

FRG - Sep 1949 - West Germany formed with US support.

GDR - Oct 1949 - East Germany formed as Soviet state.

38
Q

When was NATO formed and why?

A

1949

Western European countries plus USA to counter Soviet military threat.

39
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact formed and why?

A

1955

USSR to counter military threat from NATO

40
Q

What was the impact of Soviet rule?

A

1) Hungary suffered
2) Food and industrial products shipped to Russia
3) Opposition was ruthlessly wiped out
4) Communist rule became unpopular
5) Matyas Rakosi was brutal

41
Q

Who took over when Stalin died?

A

Khrushchev

42
Q

Who did Khrushchev appoint and why?

A

Imre Nagy as he was more liberal

43
Q

What 4 reforms did Nagy want?

A

1) leave Warsaw Pact
2) No more communist gov
3) Free elections, democracy
4) UN protection from USSR

44
Q

When did Khrushchev send troops so Hungary, how many, and what were the consequences?

A

Nov 1956
200,000 troops

  • thousands killed
  • Imre Nagy tried and executed
45
Q

How did the USA support Hungary’s uprising?

A

Money, medical aids and words.

Accepted 80,000 refugees from Hungary.

46
Q

Why couldn’t the USA send troops to Hungary during the uprising?

A

Too high of a risk of nuclear war.

History : Cold War (3 decks)

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