Key thinkers Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the key thinkers ?

A
  1. Marx and Engels
  2. Luxemburg
  3. Webb
  4. Crosland
  5. Giddens
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2
Q

Who were the revolutionary socialists ?

A

(means of achieving)

  • Marxists
  • Neo-marxists
  • Marxist leninists

KT = Marx and Engels and Luxemburg

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3
Q

Who were the evolutionary socialists ?

A

Gradualism (means of achieving)

  • Democratic socialists, social democrats and the third way
  • Webb, Crosland and Giddens
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4
Q

Who were the fundamentalists ?

A

(End result)

  • Belief that capitalism needed to be removed
  • Marxists, communists, neo-marxists and democratic socialists
  • Marx and Engles, Luxemburg and Webb
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5
Q

Who were the revisionists ?

A
  • Capitalism can be tames
  • Social democrats and third way
  • Crosland and Giddens
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6
Q

Marx and Engels’ strand ?

A
  • Fundamentalist and revolutionary

- Marxists

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7
Q

Marx and Engels view on human nature ?

A
  • Humans are naturally altruistic (selfless)
  • However Capitalism instills them with a false consciousness of bourgeois values
  • Human nature has therefore been distorted by capitalism
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8
Q

Marx and Engels’ view on the economy ?

A
  • Capitalism is corrupt and inefficient

- It should be replaced by an economy where resources are collectively owned and distributed according to need

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9
Q

Marx and Engels’ view on the State ?

A
  • Capitalism must be destroyed through revolution
  • The state will temporarily be replaced with the dictatorship of the proletariat and will wither away when communism is established
  • The state and society have used religion, patriotism, parliament and social reform to weaken class consciousness
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10
Q

Marx and Engels’ view on society

A
  • Capitalism corrupts society
  • The elite oppress the working class which then creates class conflict
  • A communist society will have absolute equality and therefore societal harmony
  • The problems of social class can only be resolved through revolution
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11
Q

Key quotes of Luxemburg ?

A
  • “those who do not move do not notice their chains”

- “without general elections … life dies in every institution”

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12
Q

Luxemburg’s view on human nature

A
  • Human nature has been damaged by capitalism

- However humans aren’t perfect and parliamentary democracy is needed to prevent tyranny

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13
Q

Luxemburg’ view on the economy ?

A
  • Marx’s historical materialism idea is flawed as capitalism doesn’t need to reach the final stage before it can be abolished
  • Communist revolutions could happen in less economically developed societies
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14
Q

Luxemburg’s view on the state ?

A
  • Capitalism should be destroyed by revolution and then replaced with a genuine democracy
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15
Q

Luxemburg’s view on society ?

A
  • Capitalism corrupts society
  • The elite oppress the working class which then creates class conflict
  • A democratic communist society will then provide absolute equality and social harmony
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16
Q

What strand is Luxemburg ?

A
  • Revolutionary and fundamentalist
17
Q

What strand is Webb ?

A
  • Fundamentalist and evolutionary (gradualism)

- democratic socialism

18
Q

What strand is Crosland ?

A
  • Social democrat

- Revisionist and gradualism (evolutionary)

19
Q

What strand is Giddens ?

A
  • Third way

- Revisionist and evolutionary (gradualism)

20
Q

What is Webb’s view on human nature ?

A
  • Capitalism has damaged human psyche

- Humans are morally and intellectually imperfect (particularly the working class)

21
Q

Webb’s view on the state ?

A
  • The state should be used to create a socialist society

- This would be achieved via universal female suffrage and would be a gradual process

22
Q

Webb’s view on society ?

A
  • Society under socialist management will produce equality of outcome
23
Q

Webb’s view on the economy ?

A
  • The free-market economy would gradually be nationalised as the workers obtain common ownership of the means of production
24
Q

Crosland’s view on human nature ?

A
  • Human nature is innately fair

- Inequalities of outcome and opportunity hinder collective human progress

25
Q

Crosland’s view on the state ?

A
  • The state should be managed by ‘meritocratic mangers’ and ‘classless technocrats’ (skilled elite and the best people for the jobs)
26
Q

Crosland’ view on society ?

A
  • State management will effect societal change and create social justice and equality of welfare
27
Q

Crosland’s view on the economy ?

A
  • Rejected Webb’s gradualism and argued for a mixed economy and Keynesian capitalism
  • Believed capitalism had been largely reformed of its exploitative tendencies
28
Q

Gidden’s view on human nature ?

A
  • Human nature is shaped by socio-economic conditions

- More focus on humans as both individual and collective creatures

29
Q

Giddens’ view on the state ?

A
  • The state should invest in social investment and infrastructure and retain from economic and social engineering
30
Q

Gidden’s view on Society ?

A
  • Society will embrace equality of opportunity and communal responsibility instead of class conflict
31
Q

Gidden’s view on the economy ?

A
  • A Neo-liberal economy with a free market is more efficient than all socialist economic models
  • The tax revenues they generate can finance greater equality of opportunity