key theorists

Question 1

birute galdikas

Answer 1

• studied primates
• orangutanges in borneo

Question 2

bronislaw maslinowski

Answer 2

• studied ethnology
• trobriand islanders in the south pacific in 1915

Question 3

charles darwin

Answer 3

• studied human variation
• established the concept of the natural selection to explain how plants and animals evolved
• the evolution theory

Question 4

dian fossey

Answer 4

• studied primates
• gorillas on rwanda

Question 5

gregory mendel and carolus linnaeus

Answer 5

created a system of naming plants and animals

Question 6

jane goodall

Answer 6

• studied primates
• chimpanzees in tanzania

Question 7

louis and the leaky family

Answer 7

• studied paleoanthropology and primates
• used radiometric dating for the first time, leading them to further proof of the african origin in 1959

Question 8

margaret mead

Answer 8

• known for the study of Samoan adolescent girls
• examining whether stress during adolescents is cause by society or adolescents itself

Question 9

raymond dart

Answer 9

• declared an early form of human from skull
• first person to provide evidence of the african origin of humanity

Question 10

sigmund freud

Answer 10

theory that all human behaviour is influenced by by early childhood and that childhood experienced influence the unconscious mind throughout life

Question 11

ivan pavlov

Answer 11

• interested in studying how digestion works in mammals
• observed and recorded information about dogs and their digestive behaviours

Question 12

albert bandura

Answer 12

believed that behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observing learning

Question 13

carl rogers

Answer 13

developed the person-cantered, aka client-cantered approach to psychotherapy

Question 14

jean piaget

Answer 14

• first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development
• contributions include a theory of child cognitive development

Question 15

abraham maslow

Answer 15

• theory of psychology explaining human motivation based on the pursuit of different levels of needs
• theory states that humans are motivated to fulfill their needs in a hierarchical order

Question 16

carl jung

Answer 16

• grew to disagree with freud on several major issues
• including effect of sexuality on human behaviour
• founded analytical psychology
• believed that achieving a balanced psyche would help people reach their potential

Question 17

erik erikson

Answer 17

• ego psychologist
• extends on freudian thoughts by focusing on the adaptive and creative characteristics of the ego

Question 18

harry harlow

Answer 18

research demonstrated the importance of love and affection, specifically contact comfort, for healthy childhood development

Question 19

BF skinner

Answer 19

believed that the best way to understand behaviour is to look at the causes of an action and it’s consequences (operant conditioning)

Question 20

howard gardner

Answer 20

theory of multiple intelligences, a critique of the notion that there exists but a single human intelligence that can be assessed by a standard psychometric instruments

Question 21

edward thorndike

Answer 21

• “law of effect”
• studied learning in animals, mainly cats
• experiment used a puzzle box to empirically test the laws of learning

Question 22

auguste comte

Answer 22

• founder of sociology and positivism
• came up with the application of the scientific method to obtain quantifiable data in order to understand society

Question 23

karl marx

Answer 23

• known for his theories that led to the development of marxism
• argues that capitalism is a form of economic and social reproduction in inherently flawed and will illuminate fail
• goal was to encourage a system that promoted a classless society in which everyone shared the benefits of labour and the state government controlled all property and wealth

Question 24

charles cooley

Answer 24

• studied the relationship between the individual and society in great depth
• believed that the two are interconnected and that their functions cannot be separated
• concept he believed in was the primary group

Question 25

herbert spencer

Answer 25

• known for his doctrine of social darwinism
• asserted that the principles of evolution, including natural selection, applying it to human societies, social classes and individuals as well as to biological species developing over geologic time

Question 26

c wright mills

Answer 26

• thought that most influential people park was developing the concept of sociological imagination, the ability to connect individual experiences to social realities
• studied urban social trends in a natural setting

Question 27

max weber

Answer 27

• thought that people could be liberated through bureaucracy rather than revolution
• he envisioned a society where bureaucracies would improve social problems

Question 28

emile durkheim

Answer 28

formally established sociology as an academic discipline

Question 29

dorothy smith

Answer 29

thought that culture is socially constructed, since society is constructed to favour men, it does not operate in women’s best interests

Question 30

talcott parsons

Answer 30

responsible for developing the structural functionalist school of thought in USA

Question 31

george herbert mead

Answer 31

believed in the looking-glass self which is the way an individuals sense of self is mirrored and is reflected by others