Key Terms wks1-5

Question 1

Quantitative Data

Answer 1

Numerical data analysed mathematically

Question 2

Qualitative Data

Answer 2

Contextual and subjective data, taken from observation or communication.

Question 3

Primary Data

Answer 3

Data collected by the self

Question 4

Secondary Data

Answer 4

Using and analysing data collected by others

Question 5

Closed Question

Answer 5

Pre-determined categories for respondents to choose from.

Question 6

Open Question

Answer 6

Questions without a pre-set answer

Question 7

Ways to administer Questionnaires

Answer 7

Face-to-Face
Postout and Postback

Question 8

What is a Census?

Answer 8

Collecting information about all members of a population.

Question 9

List the Probability Sampling Methods

Answer 9

Simple Random
Stratified
Systematic
Multi-Stage
Random Route

Question 10

What is Simple Random Sampling?

Answer 10

Probability Sample
Each person has to same chance of being chosen.
Systematic and outside the biasing effect of human intervention.

Question 11

What is Stratified Sampling?

Answer 11

Probability Sample
Items in sampling frame are divided into strata, then a simple random sample is selected.

Question 12

What is Systematic Sampling?

Answer 12

Probability Sample
Pick every nth item from a list.

Question 13

What is Multi-Stage Sampling?

Answer 13

Probability Sample
Select areas, then smaller areas, then households, then individuals.

Question 14

What is Random Route Sampling?

Answer 14

Probability Sample
Select an address and then pick a random route from there.

Question 15

List the Non-Probability Sampling Methods

Answer 15

Purposive Sampling
Quota Sampling
Convenience Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Self-Selection

Question 16

What is Purposive Sampling?

Answer 16

Non-Probability Sample
Researcher selects a sample that they feel is representative of the population.

Question 17

What is Quota Sampling?

Answer 17

Non-Probability Sample
Given a quota of particular types of people to interview and final sample should be representative.

Question 18

What is Convenience Sampling?

Answer 18

Non-Probability Sample
Subjects that are available and easy to access.

Question 19

What is Snowball Sampling?

Answer 19

Make contact with few respondents and have them ask other people to join.

Question 20

What is Self-Selection Sampling?

Answer 20

Non-Probability Sample
Respondents choose to take part.

Question 21

What are the Variable Types?

Answer 21

Nominal, Ordinal (Categorical)
Scale (Arithmetical)

Question 22

What is a Nominal Variable?

Answer 22

Mutually excuslive, but not ordered categories - sex, religion, ethnicity

Question 23

What is an Ordinal Variable?

Answer 23

Mutually exclusive and ordered categories - education level, income group, age group.

Question 24

What is a Scale Variable?

Answer 24

Number variable. Measurement where the difference between two values is meaningful.

Question 25

List Measures of Central Tendency

Answer 25

Mean, Median and Mode

Question 26

List Measures of Dispersion

Answer 26

Range and Standard Deviation

Question 27

What are the two main sources of Crime Data?

Answer 27

Police Recorded Crime
Crime Survey of England and Wales

Question 28

What is a Contingency Table used for?

Answer 28

Used to explore relationships between categorical data.

Question 29

When to use a Chi-Square test?

Answer 29

Used to see if the correlation is significant and if it is probable that the variables have a causal relationship.