Key Terms to Study for the BCPA Exam Flashcards
Source: Patient Advocate Certification Board, Key Terms to Study for the BCPA Exam
Active Listening
Fully concentrating on what the intended message is rather than passively or superficially “hearing” the message of the speaker.
ADA
Americans with Disability Act, passed in 1990.
Advanced Directives
Legally executed documents that detail an individual’s healthcare-related wishes and decisions for end-of-life interventions.
Drawn up while patient is competent.
They may include Durable Medical Power of Attorney and Living Will.
Adverse Events
Any problematic occurrence, which under most conditions are not natural consequences of patient’s disease process or treatment outcome.
Appearance of Impropriety
When someone outside a situation (lay person) raises ethical questions without benefit of knowledge of the specific circumstances of situation.
Autonomy
The right and freedom of individuals to make their own healthcare decisions, fostering independence and self-determination.
Beneficence
The ethical obligation to promote good, support legitimate interests, and actively prevent and remove harm.
Biomedical Ethics
The application of ethics to the field of medicine and healthcare.
Board Certified Patient Advocate (BCPA)
A credential granted by the Patient Advocate Certification Board (PACB) to individuals who have met the established standards of knowledge and skills in patient and health care advocacy and have passed the certification exam.
Burden of Proof
The duty of producing evidence as the case progresses, and/or the duty to establish the truth of a claim by the preponderance of evidence.
Care Coordination
The deliberate organization of patient care activities and sharing of information among participants concerned with patient care to achieve safe and more effective care.
Clinical Pathway (Care Map or Critical Pathway)
A timeline of patient care activities and expected outcome of care.
Addresses the plan of care of each medical discipline involved in the care of a specific patient.
Usually developed prospectively by an interdisciplinary healthcare team in relation to patient’s diagnosis, health problems, or surgical procedure.
Care Plan or Plan of Care
Based on an individual’s unique needs and problems, a care plan is the outline and basis guiding the appropriate interventions, timelines, goals, and expected outcomes.
Chronic condition
A health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time.
The term “chronic” is often applied when the course of a disease lasts more than three months.
Client-Centered Care
An approach to healthcare that respects and responds to the preferences, needs, and values of clients, ensuring that they guide all clinical decisions.
Client Expectations
The anticipation or the belief about what is to be encountered in a consultation or in the healthcare system.
The mental picture that patients or the public will have of the process of interaction with the system
The anticipation or the belief about what is to be encountered in a consultation or in the healthcare system.
The mental picture that patients or the public will have of the process of interaction with the system
Client Expectations
An approach to healthcare that respects and responds to the preferences, needs, and values of clients, ensuring that they guide all clinical decisions.
Client-Centered Care
A health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time.
The term “chronic” is often applied when the course of a disease lasts more than three months.
Chronic condition
Based on an individual’s unique needs and problems, a care plan is the outline and basis guiding the appropriate interventions, timelines, goals, and expected outcomes.
Care Plan or Plan of Care
A timeline of patient care activities and expected outcome of care.
Addresses the plan of care of each medical discipline involved in the care of a specific patient.
Usually developed prospectively by an interdisciplinary healthcare team in relation to patient’s diagnosis, health problems, or surgical procedure.
Clinical Pathway (Care Map or Critical Pathway)
The deliberate organization of patient care activities and sharing of information among participants concerned with patient care to achieve safe and more effective care.
Care Coordination
The duty of producing evidence as the case progresses, and/or the duty to establish the truth of a claim by the preponderance of evidence.
Burden of Proof
A credential granted by the Patient Advocate Certification Board (PACB) to individuals who have met the established standards of knowledge and skills in patient and health care advocacy and have passed the certification exam.
Board Certified Patient Advocate (BCPA)
The application of ethics to the field of medicine and healthcare.
Biomedical Ethics
The ethical obligation to promote good, support legitimate interests, and actively prevent and remove harm.
Beneficence
The right and freedom of individuals to make their own healthcare decisions, fostering independence and self-determination.
Autonomy
When someone outside a situation (lay person) raises ethical questions without benefit of knowledge of the specific circumstances of situation.
Appearance of Impropriety
Any problematic occurrence, which under most conditions are not natural consequences of patient’s disease process or treatment outcome.
Adverse Events
Legally executed documents that detail an individual’s healthcare-related wishes and decisions for end-of-life interventions.
Drawn up while patient is competent.
They may include Durable Medical Power of Attorney and Living Will.
Advanced Directives
Americans with Disability Act, passed in 1990.
ADA
Fully concentrating on what the intended message is rather than passively or superficially “hearing” the message of the speaker.
Active Listening
Compassion
Recognizing the suffering of others and being so moved, takes action to help alleviate their pain.
Recognizing the suffering of others and being so moved, takes action to help alleviate their pain.
Compassion
Compassionate Care
Medical and emotional care for patients with terminal diseases to make their lives more comfortable when treatment proves futile.
Often referred to as hospice care.
Frequently it takes place in a patient’s home.
It provides private medical treatment as well as emotional support to help patients cope with the dynamic and final phases of life.
Medical and emotional care for patients with terminal diseases to make their lives more comfortable when treatment proves futile.
Often referred to as hospice care.
Frequently it takes place in a patient’s home.
It provides private medical treatment as well as emotional support to help patients cope with the dynamic and final phases of life.
Compassionate Care
Competence
The mental ability and capability to make decisions, accomplish actions, and perform tasks adequately.
The mental ability and capability to make decisions, accomplish actions, and perform tasks adequately.
Competence
Medical Competence
The ability to understand, retain, and weigh information about a medical condition and treatment options, and to communicate a decision.
The ability to understand, retain, and weigh information about a medical condition and treatment options, and to communicate a decision.
Medical Competence
A patient is considered to have decision-making capability if they can:
- Understand the relevant information about their condition and treatment options;
- Retain that information;
- Use or weigh the information as part of the decision-making process and communicate their decision.
Capacity is decision-specific and can fluctuate over time.
- Understand the relevant information about their condition and treatment options;
- Retain that information;
- Use or weigh the information as part of the decision-making process and communicate their decision.
Capacity is decision-specific and can fluctuate over time.
A patient is considered to have decision-making capability if they can:
Legal Competency
Competency determined by a court and refers to a person’s ability to participate in legal proceedings or make legally binding decisions.
Competency determined by a court and refers to a person’s ability to participate in legal proceedings or make legally binding decisions.
Legal Competency
Competencies
A set of demonstrable characteristics including the requisite knowledge, abilities, skills, experience, and behaviors, which leads to effective performance in an individual’s professional activities or practice
A set of demonstrable characteristics including the requisite knowledge, abilities, skills, experience, and behaviors, which leads to effective performance in an individual’s professional activities or practice
Competencies
Competency Assessment
The process of evaluating an individual’s ability to apply knowledge and skills in real-world scenarios, often through a standardized exam.
The process of evaluating an individual’s ability to apply knowledge and skills in real-world scenarios, often through a standardized exam.
Competency Assessment
Confidentiality
The rights of individuals to have their personal, identifiable health-related information kept private.
The rights of individuals to have their personal, identifiable health-related information kept private.
Confidentiality
Conflict of Interest
A situation with the potential to undermine the impartiality of a person’s judgement or practice because of the mismatch or incompatibility between the person’s self-interest and their professional or public interest.
A situation with the potential to undermine the impartiality of a person’s judgement or practice because of the mismatch or incompatibility between the person’s self-interest and their professional or public interest.
Conflict of Interest
Continuing Education (CE)
Ongoing professional education is required to maintain certification, ensuring that certified individuals stay current with best practices, emerging trends, and policy changes in their field.
Ongoing professional education is required to maintain certification, ensuring that certified individuals stay current with best practices, emerging trends, and policy changes in their field.
Continuing Education (CE)
Contract
A written or spoken agreement between two people concerning employment, sales, or tenancy, or performance of services that is intended to be enforceable by law.
A written or spoken agreement between two people concerning employment, sales, or tenancy, or performance of services that is intended to be enforceable by law.
Contract
Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS)
A set of fifteen nationally iterated action steps intended to advance health equity, improve quality, and help eliminate health care disparities by providing a blueprint for individuals and health care organizations to implement culturally and linguistically appropriate services.
A set of fifteen nationally iterated action steps intended to advance health equity, improve quality, and help eliminate health care disparities by providing a blueprint for individuals and health care organizations to implement culturally and linguistically appropriate services
Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS)
Designated Healthcare Surrogate
An adult who is appointed to make healthcare decisions for a person when the person is unable to make decisions themselves.
An adult who is appointed to make healthcare decisions for a person when the person is unable to make decisions themselves.
Designated Healthcare Surrogate
Diagnostic Tests
Invasive or non-invasive procedures to gather clinical information for the purpose of medical assessment, establishing a diagnosis, and making clinical decisions.
Invasive or non-invasive procedures to gather clinical information for the purpose of medical assessment, establishing a diagnosis, and making clinical decisions.
Diagnostic Tests
Disability
A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits the ability to perform one or more major life activities.
A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits the ability to perform one or more major life activities.
Disability
Disease
A particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of part or all of an organism, and that is not due to an external injury.
A particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of part or all of an organism, and that is not due to an external injury.
Disease
The action of making information known.
Disclosure
Disclosure
The action of making information known.
Discriminatory Practices
Biased actions or behaviors against an individual based on age, race, culture, disability, ethnicity, gender, medical condition, nationality, appearance, religion, sexual identity, sexual orientation, or social class.
Biased actions or behaviors against an individual based on age, race, culture, disability, ethnicity, gender, medical condition, nationality, appearance, religion, sexual identity, sexual orientation, or social class.
Discriminatory Practices
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
A request and subsequent medical order from a physician to not have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed if the patient’s heart stops, breathing ceases, or there is no brain activity.
A request and subsequent medical order from a physician to not have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed if the patient’s heart stops, breathing ceases, or there is no brain activity.
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
Durable Power of Attorney (POA)
Enables a person to appoint an “agent,” such as a trusted relative, friend, or attorney to handle specific health, legal, and financial responsibilities for when they are unable.
Two types: Power of Attorney for Healthcare and Power of Attorney for Finances
Enables a person to appoint an “agent,” such as a trusted relative, friend, or attorney to handle specific health, legal, and financial responsibilities for when they are unable.
Two types: Power of Attorney for Healthcare and Power of Attorney for Finances
Durable Power of Attorney (POA)
Power of Attorney for Healthcare
Gives a designated person the authority to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the person.
Gives a designated person the authority to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the person.
Power of Attorney for Healthcare
Power of Attorney for Finances
Gives a designated person the authority to make legal/financial decisions on behalf of the person.
Gives a designated person the authority to make legal/financial decisions on behalf of the person.
Power of Attorney for Finances
Empathy
The cognitive ability to recognize, understand, and share the perspective and feelings of another.
The cognitive ability to recognize, understand, and share the perspective and feelings of another.
Empathy
Empowerment
The process of enabling clients to take control of their health and make informed decisions about their care.
The process of enabling clients to take control of their health and make informed decisions about their care.
Empowerment
Ethical Decision-Making Models
Frameworks used to guide patients and healthcare advocates in making decisions that align with ethical principles.
Example: Beauchamp and Childress’ Four Principles of Biometric Ethics:
Autonomy
Non-maleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Frameworks used to guide patients and healthcare advocates in making decisions that align with ethical principles.
Example: Beauchamp and Childress’ Four Principles of Biometric Ethics:
Autonomy
Non-maleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Ethical Decision-Making Models
Beauchamp and Childress’ Four Principles of Biometric Ethics
Autonomy
Non-maleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Autonomy
Non-maleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Beauchamp and Childress’ Four Principles of Biometric Ethics
Ethical Standards
A set of principles that promote values such as trust, good behavior, fairness, and kindness, guiding the professional conduct of patient and healthcare advocates.
A set of principles that promote values such as trust, good behavior, fairness, and kindness, guiding the professional conduct of patient and healthcare advocates.
Ethical Standards
