Key Terms Review Quiz #1

Question 1

Cahokia

Answer 1

Identification: One of the first permanent settlement near present-day East St. Louis, Illinois in the 1490s with more than 30000 inhabitants

Commentary: Arose as a permanent settlement largely because of hunting, fishing, and agriculture

Question 2

Chinook

Answer 2

Identification: Native American tribe that developed complex communities in the pacific Northwest, in present-day Washington and Oregon

Commentary: As with other tribes, they were moved west as the United States expanded, and even encountered by the Lewis and Clark expedition near the Columbia River

Question 3

Anasazi (Pueblos)

Answer 3

Identification: Native American tribe living in the Southwest lived in multistoried buildings and developed intricate irrigation systems for farming

Commentary: Even by the 1490s, the Pueblos had developed complex cultures and societies in which thousands lived and worked together

Question 4

Powhatan

Answer 4

Identification: Native American confederation of tribes that was settled in the area of the first permanent English settlement in the United States in Jamestown, Virginia.

Commentary: The Native Americans were crucial to the development of the colony’s agricultural techniques and also suffered many losses from disease and malaria that they contracted from the Europeans.

Question 5

Iroquois

Answer 5

Identification: Tribes in Northeast, present-day New York, formed a political confederacy, the League of the Iroquois

Commentary: The Iroquois sustained attacks from the Americans for a long time, and many of the ideas present in their agreement for the league were the foundation for the US Constitution.

Question 6

Columbian Exchange

Answer 6

Identification: A period of cultural, biological, and material exchanges between the New World and the Old World

Commentary: Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European, colonial, and Native American ways of life.

Question 7

Small pox

Answer 7

Identification: One of the most deadly diseases brought to the Americas by the European colonists

Commentary: This disease alone decimated the Native American population and millions died within a century

Question 8

Mestizo

Answer 8

Identification: A person of combined European and Native American descent in Spanish-speaking America

Commentary: Quickly became the majority group in much of the Spanish-speaking parts of Latin America during the colonial period

Question 9

Sugar

Answer 9

Identification: Food transported to the Europe to Americas and became a huge success

Commentary: Sugar plantations in the Americas brought about the need for the importation of slaves from Africa and would later also become one of the leading causes for the American Revolution

Question 10

Gold

Answer 10

Identification: Most commonly used hard currency for the importation of goods from Europe

Commentary: First settlers of Jamestown suffered setbacks since there were many gold-seekers who refused to do nothing but look for gold, which wasn’t very abundant in Jamestown

Question 11

Joint-stock companies

Answer 11

Identification: Companies that pool the savings of people of moderate means and support trading ventures that seemed potentially profitable

Commentary: Helped institute many permanent settlements, such as Jamestown and New Amsterdam, which were founded with the Virginia Company and the Dutch West India Company

Question 12

Corn

Answer 12

Identification: Crop grown in Americas that was possible because of the rich soil and was often traded to Europe

Commentary: The success of corn production in the Americas led to the need for more laborers in the form of indentured servants and slaves

Question 13

Potato

Answer 13

Identification: A very common crop introduced to the Europeans by Native Americans, including its planting and the underlying agriculture as well

Commentary: As the potatoes became popular among the Europeans, Ireland in particular become heavily reliant on potatoes, and suffered in the well known Irish Potato Famine in the 1840s, after undergoing several potato crop failures.

Question 14

Bartolomé de Las Casas

Answer 14

Identification: Spanish priest and missionary who traveled to the island of Hispaniola to convert the Native Americans to Christianity

Commentary: Noticed the mistreatment of the Indians and resolved to protest against the cruelty shown by the Spaniards against the Native Americans

Question 15

Encomienda system

Answer 15

Identification: Spaniards were given grants of land and Native Americans, who had to work on their land and hand over the fruits of their labors to the Spaniards

Commentary: Although the Spaniards were supposed to treat the Native Americans with care, the Native Americans soon died due to disease and the Spaniards’ brutality and the Spanish eventually shifted to a slavery system. However, the Spaniards did make considerable income with this system which helped reward the conquistadors.

Question 16

Roanoke Island

Answer 16

Identification: Where Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to establish a settlement off the North Carolina coast in 1587, but eventually failed

Commentary: This was the first significant effort to build a permanent settlement in the Americas and inspired many other settlements such as Jamestown and the Plymouth Colony

Question 17

Sea Dogs

Answer 17

Identification: English pirates at the time of Elizabeth I of England that engaged in slave trade and specifically the Triangular Trade

Commentary: Encouraged by Queen Elizabeth I to prevent the Spanish from getting involved in the Dutch Wars of Independence and also to weaken Spain’s political power

Question 18

Jamestown

Answer 18

Identification: First permanent English colony in America established in 1607

Commentary: Helped boost colonial development in the Chesapeake Bay region and eventually the entire country of the United States

Question 19

Tobacco

Answer 19

Identification: Industry established by John Rolfe and Pocahontas, who developed a new type of tobacco that became quickly popular

Commentary: Tobacco became popular in Europe and brought financial success to Jamestown as well as advocating indentured servitude and slavery

Question 20

John Rolfe

Answer 20

Identification: Advocated a new method of developing tobacco and married Pocahontas, a Native American woman

Commentary: The marriage between a white man and a Native American helped strengthen the relationship between the Native Americans and the colony, for the short period that Pocahontas was alive

Question 21

John Smith

Answer 21

Identification: Leader of the Jamestown settlement

Commentary: Smith was a strong and forceful leader that made sure all of the colonists worked hard and ensured that Jamestown was successful

Question 22

Pocahontas

Answer 22

Identification: Daughter of Chief Powhatan that presumably saved John Smith from death and later married John Rolfe

Commentary: Her marriage to John Rolfe and her protection of John Smith led to some years of peacefulness and calm trade and commerce between the Indians and the colony

Question 23

Tobacco wives

Answer 23

Identification: Women who were bought and brought from Europe to the New World with tobacco, because of the lack of women in the Jamestown settlement

Commentary: Tobacco wives eventually led to the growth and development of the population of Jamestown, and soon other colonies as well

Question 24

House of Burgesses

Answer 24

Identification: First representative assembly in America organized in the Jamestown settlement only 12 years after its founding

Commentary: This type of government would attract English colonists, since they would be guaranteed the same rights as in England, and would soon be the foundation for the present-day House of Representatives

Question 25

Indentured Servant

Answer 25

Identification: A person, often a young man, who, in exchange for free transportation to a colony, was obligated to work on a plantation for a certain number of years

Commentary: Led to the development of slavery, where the people had to work on the plantation not just for a certain number of years but for the rest of their lifetime