Key Terms - Psychology Flashcards
Sleep (stages, disorders)
Naturally recurring state characterized by reduced or absent consciousness, relatively suspended sensory activity, and inactivity of all voluntary muscles.
Mental Illnesses (PSA’s)
A wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior. Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviors.
Sociopath vs. Psychopath (examples of each)
Sociopath: Someone who has antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). People with ASPD can’t understand others’ feelings. They’ll often break rules or make impulsive decisions without feeling guilty for the harm they cause. (Deceitfulness such as repeated lying or deceit for personal profit or pleasure, and lack of remorse for actions that hurt other people in any way.)
Psychopath: A personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egotistical traits. (Can’t feel empathy)
Emotions
A mental state associated with the nervous system brought on by chemical changes variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioural responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. There is currently no scientific consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation.
Ethics
Principles or rules for appropriate conduct, or a moral code for behaviour
Dreams
A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. The content and purpose of dreams are not fully understood, although they have been a topic of scientific, philosophical and religious interest throughout recorded history.
Positive Punishment
Adding an aversive consequence after an undesired behavior is emitted to decrease future responses.
Negative Punishment
Taking away a certain reinforcing item after the undesired behavior happens in order to decrease future responses
Positive Reinforcement
Strengthens a response by presenting a stimulus after a response
Negative Reinforcement
Strengthens a response by reducing or removing a disliked stimulus
Perception
Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.
Sensation
Sensation is an animal’s, including humans’, detection of external or internal stimulation. It involves three steps: Sensory receptors detect stimuli.
Teenage Brain
Rather, teen brains are especially adaptive to new learning and exploration. All humans are sensitive to dopamine, a chemical in the brain (and body) that is linked to feelings of reward and pleasure. … Impulsiveness: First, a teen’s unique brain chemistry causes them to be more impulsive
Learned Helplessness
A state that occurs after a person has experienced a stressful situation repeatedly. They come to believe that they are unable to control or change the situation, so they do not try — even when opportunities for change become available.
Psychiatry vs. Psychology
Because psychiatrists are trained medical doctors, they can prescribe medications, and they spend much of their time with patients on medication management as a course of treatment. Psychologists focus extensively on psychotherapy and treating emotional and mental suffering in patients with behavioral intervention.
