Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Week 3 & 4 > Key Terms Perfusion Week 3 > Flashcards

Key Terms Perfusion Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Action potential

A

electrical stimulus created by the exchange of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions across the cardiac muscle cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Afterload

A

force the ventricles must overcome to eject their blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Apical-radial pulse

A

rates normally identical; discrepancy in rates termed pulse deficit; assessed in patients with certain cardiovascular disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Arterial blood pressure

A

measure of pressure exerted by blood as it flows through arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

a condition in which elastic and muscular tissues of arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue and their ability to constrict and dilate decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atrial gallop

A

the fourth heart sound (S4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Automaticity

A

ability to generate an electrical impulse; usually only demonstrated by pacemaker cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bradycardia

A

heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

process of the contraction and subsequent relaxation of the heart that constitutes one heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cardiac index

A

cardiac output (CO) adjusted for a patient’s body size or body surface area; provides useful data regarding heart’s ability to perfuse tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cardiac output (CO)

A

amount of blood pumped by ventricles into pulmonary and systemic circulations in 1 minute; HR x SV = CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cardiac reserve

A

heart’s ability to respond to increase in strenuous activity and adjust cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clotting

A

process used by the body to form a strong patch to stop bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clotting factors

A

plasma proteins involved in the process used by the body to stop bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coagulation

A

process the body uses to stop bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coagulation cascade

A

a complex series of events activated in the body via intrinsic or extrinsic pathways to control bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Compliance

A

ability of arteries to contract and expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contractility

A

inherent capability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Coronary circulation

A

network of vessels that supply blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Depolarization

A

phase when the heart contracts; initiated in the sinoatrial (SA) node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Desaturated blood

A

when oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood mix due to congenital heart defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diastole

A

phase of ventricular relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

pressure when the ventricles are at rest; lower pressure; present at all time with arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dysrhythmia (arrhythmia)

A

irregular pulse rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ectopic

A

extra beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ejection fraction

A

represents the fraction or percentage of diastolic volume ejected from the heart during systole; equal to stroke volume (SV) divided by end-diastolic volume; normal range: 50-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

a graphic record of the heart’s activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Electrocardiography

A

diagnostic test of cardiac function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

initiated when blood leaks out of a vessel into tissue spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Fibrin

A

the insoluble protein end product of blood coagulation, formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin in the presence of calcium ions; fibrin threads form a meshwork for the basis of a blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Fibrinogen

A

a high-molecular-weight protein in the blood plasma that by the action of thrombin is converted into fibrin; called also Factor I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

process the body uses for breaking down a clot

33
Q

First heart sound (S1)

A

produced by closure of atrioventricular (AV) valves when ventricles fill; characterized by “lub”

34
Q

Foramen ovale

A

opening between the atria of the fetal heart that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium and then into the left ventricle

35
Q

Fourth heart sound (S4)

A

occurs in late diastole due to simultaneous atrial contraction and ejection of blood into the ventricles

36
Q

Heart murmurs

A

disruption of blood flow into the heart either between the heart chambers or from the heart into the pulmonary or aortic systems that causes harsh, blowing sounds

37
Q

Hematocrit

A

proportion of red blood cells (RBCs) to blood plasma

38
Q

Hemostasis

A

process by which the body slows and stops blood flow

39
Q

Hypotension

A

below normal blood pressure reading

40
Q

Hypoxemia

A

lower than normal amounts of oxygen in the blood

41
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

part of the coagulation cascade; exposed collagen in the wall of a damaged vessel triggers a series of reactions that culminate in activation of Factor X

42
Q

Ischemic

A

deprived of oxygen

43
Q

Isoelectric line

A

straight line seen on an ECG representing an absence of electrical activity

44
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

a series of five characteristic sounds heard over an artery when assessing blood pressure using the auscultatory method.

45
Q

Lead

A

insulated wire used to connect a patient to the ECG

46
Q

Myocardial hypertrophy

A

increase in the size of muscle cells of the myocardium

47
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

blood pressure that falls when a patient sits or stands

48
Q

Pericardium

A

double layer of fibroserous membrane that encases the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures

49
Q

Peripheral pulse

A

a pulse located away from the heart

50
Q

Physiologic anemia of pregnancy

A

pseudoanemia caused by an increase in plasma volume that is greater than the erythrocyte increase resulting in a decrease in hematocrit

51
Q

Plasmin

A

a protein that digests fibrin strands and dissolves clots; converted into its active state by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

52
Q

Plasminogen

A

an inactive protein incorporated into a clot

53
Q

Point of maximal impulse (PMI)

A

the central pulse located at the apex of the heart

54
Q

Polycythemia

A

an increase in the number of RBCs

55
Q

Preload

A

amount of cardiac muscle fiber tension of stretch that exists at the end of diastole

56
Q

Prothrombin

A

a glycoprotein present in the plasma that is converted into thrombin by extrinsic thromboplastin during the second stage of blood clotting; also called Factor II

57
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

consists of right side of the heart, pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillaries, and pulmonary vein

58
Q

Pulmonary vascular resistance

A

pressure within the pulmonary blood vessels that must be overcome in order for blood to flow through the vessel

59
Q

Pulse

A

wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

60
Q

Pulse deficit

A

radial pulse rate falls behind the apical pulse rate indicating weak, ineffective contractions of the left ventricle

61
Q

Pulse pressure

A

difference between diastolic and systolic pressures; normal is about 40 mmHg

62
Q

Pulse rhythm

A

pattern of beats and intervals between the beats

63
Q

Pulse volume

A

force of blood with each beat; also called pulse strength or amplitude

64
Q

Refractory period

A

unique protective property of myocardial cells during which they resist stimulation; protects cardiac muscle from spasm and tetany

65
Q

Second heart sound (S2)

A

produced by closure of semilunar valves when ventricles empty; characterized by “dub”

66
Q

Stroke volume (SV)

A

difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume; range: 60-100 mL/beat; average is 70 mL/beat (adult)

67
Q

Systemic circulation

A

high pressure system consisting of the left side of the heart, aorta and its branches and the systemic arterial system and capillaries; supplies blood to brain, peripheral tissues, systemic venous system, and vena cava

68
Q

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

A

the force or resistance of the blood in the vessels that helps return blood to the heart

69
Q

Systole

A

phase of ventricular contraction

70
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

pressure of blood resulting from contraction of the ventricles

71
Q

Tachycardia

A

heart rate more than 100 beats per minute

72
Q

Third heart sound (S3)

A

follows S2; occurs when blood flow into ventricles during opening of AV valve causes vibrations during diastole

73
Q

Threshold potential

A

point at when an action potential is capable of being generated

74
Q

Thrill

A

palpable vibration over the precordium or an artery

75
Q

Thrombin

A

the activated form of prothrombin (Factor II), which catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin; also called Factor IIa

76
Q

Tissue factor (TF)

A

protein found on the surface of some body cells

77
Q

Ventricular gallop

A

third heart sound (S3)

78
Q

Viscous

A

thickness of a liquid (e.g., blood)

Week 3 & 4 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions