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3/4 Chemistry > Key terms of head start > Flashcards

Key terms of head start Flashcards

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1
Q

Accuracy

A

How close measurements are to their true value

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2
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum energy required by reactants in order for a chemical reaction to occur

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3
Q

Aliquot

A

The liquid from the pipette (sub-sample taken from the original sample)

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4
Q

Burette

A

A graduated glass tube for delivering known volumes of a liquid, especially in titrations

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5
Q

Combustion

A

A chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen and usually accompanied by the generation of heat and light in the form of flame.

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6
Q

Concordant titres

A

Measurements that are within a defined volume of each other (0.1mL)

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7
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Molecules react and link together by covalent bonding with the elimination of a small molecule e.g. water or HCl from the bond formed

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8
Q

Dipole-dipole

A

Force between the positive end of a polar molecule and the negative end of a polar molecule e.g. H2O and HCl (difference in electronegativity)

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9
Q

Dispersion force

A

Present between all molecules despite polarity e.g. Cl and Cl

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10
Q

Electrolyte

A

Liquids that can conduct electricity

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11
Q

End point

A

Point where the indicator changes colour

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12
Q

Equivalence point

A

Exact mole ratio of reactants are present so acids and bases are equal in concentration and neither is in excess

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13
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Energy is absorbed from the surroundings

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14
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Energy is released to the surroundings

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15
Q

Flashpoint

A

The temperature at which a particular organic compound gives off sufficient vapour to ignite in the air

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16
Q

Half equation

A

Change in oxidation states in a redox reaction

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17
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Intermolecular force that is a special type of dipole-dipole force when a hydrogen atom bonds to a highly electronegative atom (NOF)

18
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water

19
Q

Ion-dipole reaction

A

Attractive force that results from the electrostatic attraction between an ion and a neutral molecule that has a dipole

20
Q

Isomers

A

Have the same number of atoms but vary structurally

21
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

22
Q

Miscible

A

Two liquids that can dissolve and form a single layer when mixed e.g. not oil and water

23
Q

Non-renewable

A

Resources that are being used at a faster rate than they can be replenished

24
Q

Oxidant

A

Electron acceptor (undergo reduction)

25
Q

Oxidation

A

An increase in oxidation number and loss of electrons

26
Q

Oxidation number

A

Used to find oxidising and reducing agents by a change in their perceived valency

27
Q

Oxidised

A

To convert an element into an oxide by combining with oxygen or removing hydrogen

28
Q

Pipette

A

A slender tube for transferring or measuring small quantities of liquid

29
Q

Precision

A

How close measured values are to each other

30
Q

Rate of reaction

A

The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs

31
Q

Reductant

A

Electron donors (undergo oxidation)

32
Q

Reduced

A

Decreasing oxygen or increasing hydrogen

33
Q

Reduction

A

A decrease in oxidation numbers or a gain of electrons

34
Q

Reliability

A

Experiment is able to produce consistent results even in varying conditions then by repeating and averaging the results gathered

35
Q

Renewable

A

Resources that are produced/replenished faster than they are used

36
Q

Saturated

A

Contain only carbon to carbon single bonds

37
Q

Sustainable

A

The ability to meet the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

38
Q

Thermochemical equation

A

A balanced stoichiometric chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change

39
Q

Unsaturated

A

Contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond

40
Q

Validity

A

Whether or not the experiment is suitable to address the aim and hypothesis of the research

41
Q

Reproducibility

A

Closeness of results from repeated experiments using the same method under different conditions

42
Q

Repeatability

A

Closeness of results obtained using the same method, materials and under the same conditions

3/4 Chemistry (1 decks)

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