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Geography > Key Terms General > Flashcards

Key Terms General Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Geography

A

Physical geography is the study of the Earth’s natural features. It is about the land, sea, and environment around us. Landforms are natural features formed by rivers, sea, ice, volcanoes e.t.c.

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2
Q

Human geography

A

Human geography is the study of where and how people live. It is also about people and places and how they affect each other.

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3
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of people/babies born per 1,000 people.

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4
Q

Death rate

A

The number of people who die per 1,000 people.

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5
Q

Population growth rate

A

The speed of which the population increases.

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6
Q

Natural increase

A

The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths during the year. The natural increase (or natural decrease) is negative when the number of deaths exceeds the number of births.

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7
Q

Cartogram

A

Where territories are re-sized on a map following their subject.

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8
Q

Population

A

The number of people in a particular place.

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9
Q

Population density

A

The number of people per km square.

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10
Q

Population distribution

A

How a population is spread out over an area.

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11
Q

Projected

A

Predicted or estimated based on what is already known.

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12
Q

Ageing population

A

The growth in the population of older people (usually 65 years and over) in the population.

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13
Q

Population structure

A

How many males and females of different ages are in a population.

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14
Q

Life expectancy

A

How long a person can be expected to live.

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15
Q

Migration

A

Movement from one place to another.

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16
Q

Immigrants

A

Move into another country.

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17
Q

Emigrants

A

Move out of a country into another.

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18
Q

Net migration

A

The difference between both immigration and emigration in one country (maybe a positive or a negative number).

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19
Q

Descendants

A

Relatives born after someone, such as children and grandchildren.

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20
Q

Diverse

A

Having lots of variety.

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21
Q

Persecution

A

Treating people badly because of their beliefs or race.

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22
Q

Ethnic group

A

A group of people that share the same culture, language, religion or traditions.

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23
Q

Sector

A

A type of job or part of the economy.

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24
Q

Push factor

A

Reasons that cause people to leave a place.

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25
Q

Pull factor

A

Reasons that cause people to move to somewhere.

26
Q

Landscape

A

The visible features of an area of land.

27
Q

Uplands

A

Land that is hilly or mountainous.

28
Q

Foreground

A

The part of a view that is at the front.

29
Q

Land use

A

What land is used for, e.g. farming or industry.

30
Q

Physical (base layer)

A

Where rock type (geology) and landscape processes have sculpted a physical landscape.

31
Q

Biological (middle layer)

A

Including the soil, plants and trees.

32
Q

Human (top layer)

A

Including settlements, communications and farming.

33
Q

Mechanical weathering

A

The process of breaking big rocks into little ones.

34
Q

Weathering

A

The process that takes place as rocks, and other parts of the geosphere, are broken down into smaller pieces.

35
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Involves changes that some substances can cause in the surface of a rock that make it change shape or colour.

36
Q

Rock cycle

A

Describes how rocks constantly change from one to another.

37
Q

Erosion

A

The movement of weathered rocks by natural forces.

38
Q

Limestone pavement

A

A bare, rocky limestone surface with blocks of limestone separated by deep cracks.

39
Q

Gryke

A

A deep crack in the surface of limestone.

40
Q

Clints

A

Limestone blocks separated by deep cracks (grykes).

41
Q

Vegetation

A

Plants.

42
Q

Glacier

A

River of ice.

43
Q

Freeze-thaw weathering

A

Where water continually freezes in the cracks of rock, making them bigger, and eventually breaks the rock/s apart.

44
Q

Corrie

A

A round hollow made in the side of a mountain by a glacier.

45
Q

Scree

A

Small loose stones created by freeze-thaw weathering.

46
Q

Tarn

A

A small mountain lake.

47
Q

Ice sheet

A

Kilometers thick sheet of ice.

48
Q

Contour

A

A line on a map that connects points or land surface of same height.

49
Q

Continental crust

A

Crust which carries land.

50
Q

Oceanic crust

A

Crust which carries water.

51
Q

Constructive plate boundary

A

Where plates move apart. Lava pours out and creates a new crust.

52
Q

Destructive-oceanic/continental plate boundary

A

When a weaker plate slides under another, forcing up magma - through volcanoes.

53
Q

Destructive collision plate boundary

A

There are no volcanoes and the land is pushed up - hence a fold mountain.

54
Q

Conservative plate boundary

A

Two places slide and pressure build up, causes mass destruction.

55
Q

Volcano

A

Typically, a cone-shaped landform with a broad base and narrow top, where lava erupts at the Earth’s surface.

56
Q

Crater

A

The bowl-shaped top of a volcano.

57
Q

Magma

A

Melted rocks below Earth’s surface.

58
Q

Lava

A

Magma that erupts above ground.

59
Q

Vent

A

A channel through which magma travels to reach Earth’s surface.

60
Q

Hot spot

A

Small areas where Earth’s crust is so thin that hot magma melts and breaks through the rock about it, often building up over time to form an island.

Geography (2 decks)

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