Key Terms General

Question 1

Physical Geography

Answer 1

Physical geography is the study of the Earth’s natural features. It is about the land, sea, and environment around us. Landforms are natural features formed by rivers, sea, ice, volcanoes e.t.c.

Question 2

Human geography

Answer 2

Human geography is the study of where and how people live. It is also about people and places and how they affect each other.

Question 3

Birth rate

Answer 3

The number of people/babies born per 1,000 people.

Question 4

Death rate

Answer 4

The number of people who die per 1,000 people.

Question 5

Population growth rate

Answer 5

The speed of which the population increases.

Question 6

Natural increase

Answer 6

The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths during the year. The natural increase (or natural decrease) is negative when the number of deaths exceeds the number of births.

Question 7

Cartogram

Answer 7

Where territories are re-sized on a map following their subject.

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

The number of people in a particular place.

Question 9

Population density

Answer 9

The number of people per km square.

Question 10

Population distribution

Answer 10

How a population is spread out over an area.

Question 11

Projected

Answer 11

Predicted or estimated based on what is already known.

Question 12

Ageing population

Answer 12

The growth in the population of older people (usually 65 years and over) in the population.

Question 13

Population structure

Answer 13

How many males and females of different ages are in a population.

Question 14

Life expectancy

Answer 14

How long a person can be expected to live.

Question 15

Migration

Answer 15

Movement from one place to another.

Question 16

Immigrants

Answer 16

Move into another country.

Question 17

Emigrants

Answer 17

Move out of a country into another.

Question 18

Net migration

Answer 18

The difference between both immigration and emigration in one country (maybe a positive or a negative number).

Question 19

Descendants

Answer 19

Relatives born after someone, such as children and grandchildren.

Question 20

Diverse

Answer 20

Having lots of variety.

Question 21

Persecution

Answer 21

Treating people badly because of their beliefs or race.

Question 22

Ethnic group

Answer 22

A group of people that share the same culture, language, religion or traditions.

Question 23

Sector

Answer 23

A type of job or part of the economy.

Question 24

Push factor

Answer 24

Reasons that cause people to leave a place.

Question 25

Pull factor

Answer 25

Reasons that cause people to move to somewhere.

Question 26

Landscape

Answer 26

The visible features of an area of land.

Question 27

Uplands

Answer 27

Land that is hilly or mountainous.

Question 28

Foreground

Answer 28

The part of a view that is at the front.

Question 29

Land use

Answer 29

What land is used for, e.g. farming or industry.

Question 30

Physical (base layer)

Answer 30

Where rock type (geology) and landscape processes have sculpted a physical landscape.

Question 31

Biological (middle layer)

Answer 31

Including the soil, plants and trees.

Question 32

Human (top layer)

Answer 32

Including settlements, communications and farming.

Question 33

Mechanical weathering

Answer 33

The process of breaking big rocks into little ones.

Question 34

Weathering

Answer 34

The process that takes place as rocks, and other parts of the geosphere, are broken down into smaller pieces.

Question 35

Chemical weathering

Answer 35

Involves changes that some substances can cause in the surface of a rock that make it change shape or colour.

Question 36

Rock cycle

Answer 36

Describes how rocks constantly change from one to another.

Question 37

Erosion

Answer 37

The movement of weathered rocks by natural forces.

Question 38

Limestone pavement

Answer 38

A bare, rocky limestone surface with blocks of limestone separated by deep cracks.

Question 39

Gryke

Answer 39

A deep crack in the surface of limestone.

Question 40

Clints

Answer 40

Limestone blocks separated by deep cracks (grykes).

Question 41

Vegetation

Answer 41

Plants.

Question 42

Glacier

Answer 42

River of ice.

Question 43

Freeze-thaw weathering

Answer 43

Where water continually freezes in the cracks of rock, making them bigger, and eventually breaks the rock/s apart.

Question 44

Corrie

Answer 44

A round hollow made in the side of a mountain by a glacier.

Question 45

Scree

Answer 45

Small loose stones created by freeze-thaw weathering.

Question 46

Tarn

Answer 46

A small mountain lake.

Question 47

Ice sheet

Answer 47

Kilometers thick sheet of ice.

Question 48

Contour

Answer 48

A line on a map that connects points or land surface of same height.

Question 49

Continental crust

Answer 49

Crust which carries land.

Question 50

Oceanic crust

Answer 50

Crust which carries water.

Question 51

Constructive plate boundary

Answer 51

Where plates move apart. Lava pours out and creates a new crust.

Question 52

Destructive-oceanic/continental plate boundary

Answer 52

When a weaker plate slides under another, forcing up magma - through volcanoes.

Question 53

Destructive collision plate boundary

Answer 53

There are no volcanoes and the land is pushed up - hence a fold mountain.

Question 54

Conservative plate boundary

Answer 54

Two places slide and pressure build up, causes mass destruction.

Question 55

Volcano

Answer 55

Typically, a cone-shaped landform with a broad base and narrow top, where lava erupts at the Earth’s surface.

Question 56

Crater

Answer 56

The bowl-shaped top of a volcano.

Question 57

Magma

Answer 57

Melted rocks below Earth’s surface.

Question 58

Lava

Answer 58

Magma that erupts above ground.

Question 59

Vent

Answer 59

A channel through which magma travels to reach Earth’s surface.

Question 60

Hot spot

Answer 60

Small areas where Earth’s crust is so thin that hot magma melts and breaks through the rock about it, often building up over time to form an island.