Key Terms For Ch 1-4 Flashcards
A device in which water is boiled and converted into a steam under controlled conditions.
Boiler
A mechanical device used to increase the pressure of a gas or vapor.
Compressor
A structure designed to lower the temperature of water using latent heat of evaporation.
Cooling tower
A device used to remove moisture from a process stream.
Dryer
A machine that converts chemical(fuel) energy into mechanical force.
Engine
Device that removes Particles from a process, allowing the clean product to pas through the filter.
Filter
System components used to connect together two or more pieces of piping, tubing, or other equipment.
Fitting
A piece of equipment that burns fuel in order to generate heat that can be transferred to process fluids flowing through tubes; also referred to as a process heater or reaction furnace.
Furnace
A device used to transfer hear from one substance to another without the two physically contacting each other.
Heat exchanger.
Flexible tube that carries fluids; can be made of plastic, rubber, finer, metal of a combination or materials.
Hose
The application of a lubricant between moving surfaces in order to reduce friction and minimize heating.
Lubrication.
A mechanics driver that converts electrical energy into useful mechanical work and provides power for rotating equipment.
Motor
Long, hollow cylinder through which fluids are transmitted; primarily made of metal, but can also be made of glass, plastic, or plastic-lined material.
Pipe
The conversion of raw materials into a finished or intermediate product
Process
Illustration that provides a visual description and explanation of the processes, equipment, flows, and other important items in a facility.
Process drawings.
A broad term for industries that convert raw materials, using a series of actions or operations, into products for consumers.
Process industries.
A worker in a process facility who monitors and controls mechanical, physical, and/or chemical changes throughout a process in order to create a product from raw materials.
Process technician.
A mechanical decides that transfers energy to move materials through piping systems.
Pump
Vessel in which a controlled chemical reaction is initiated and takes place either continually or as a batch operation.
Reactor.
Equipment that is used to process and transfer solid materials from one location to another in a process facility, and may also provide storage for those materials.
Solid handling equipment.
A container in which atmospheric pressure is maintained.
Tank
The systematic search for the source of a problem so that it can be solved.
Troubleshooting
Small diameter hose or pipe used to transport fluids.
Tubing
A machine that is used to produce power and rotate shaft driven equipment such as pumps, compressors and generators.
Turbine.
An integrated group of process equipment used to produce a specific product; may be referred to by the processes they preform, or named after their end products.
Unit
Piping system components used to control, throttle, or stop the slow or fluids through a pipe.
Can be manually or automatically operated.
Valve
An enclosed contained in which the pressure is maintained at a level that is higher than atmospheric pressure.
Vessel.
One of the most valuable skills a process technician can master is the ability to communicate and work with ____?
Others
Some institutions that are responsible for creating these standardized symbols include: (5)
ISA ANSI API ASME NEC
_____ convert the kinetic and potential energy of a motive fluid into the mechanical energy required to drive a piece of equipment. Common types of _____ include: steam, gas, hydraulic, and wind.
Turbines
Motors and equipment use two forms of electricity:
Alternating current: uses a changing flow of electrons in a conductor.
Direct current: flows in a single direction.
Name 3 types of furnaces.
Box. Vertical. And cabin.
_______ is used to assist processes in mixing, transferring, and creating vacuum in mixers, educators, centrifuges, and hydroclones.
Auxiliary equipment
The selection, knowledge, and use of hand and power tools are essential to the safety and well-being of the ______ ________ ?
Process technician
Often materials are not suitable in their original from and must be separated prior to processing.
_______ __________ is used to separate these raw materials.
Separation equipment.
What is used to maintain the operation of process equipment and piping within the lowest level of the standards allowable by law.
Environmental control equipment.
Oversees and coordinates the voluntary standards in the U.S.
Develops and approves norms and guidelines that affect many business sectors.
The coordination of the U.S. Standards with international standards allows American products to be used worldwide.
ANSI
A trade association that represents the oil and gas industry in the areas of advocacy, research, standards, certification, and education, for the petroleum industries, petrochemical industries, and municipalities.
API
The main part of a drawing that contains symbols and defines elements such as relative position, types of materials, equipment descriptions, flows and functions.
Application block
Specifies requirements and standards for pressure vessels, piping, and their fabrication.
ASME
A smile illustration that shows a general overview of a process, indicating the pets of a process and their relationships.
Block flow diagram.
Illustration showing power transmission and how it relates to the process.
Electrical diagram.
A global, nonprofit technical society that develops standards for automation, instrumentation, control, and measurement.
ISA
An illustration showing objects as they would appear to the viewer
Isometric drawing
A section of drawing that explains or defines the information or symbols contained within the drawing. Include information such as abbreviations, numbers, symbols, and tolerances.
Legend.
Specifies electrical cable sizing requirements and installation practices
NEC
NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODE
A US government agency created to establish and enforce workplace safety and health standards, conduct workplace inspections and propose penalties for noncompliance and investigate serious workplace incidents.
OSHA
Detailed illustration that graphically represents the relationship of equipment, piping, instrumentation and flows contained within a process in the facility.
P&ID
PIPING AND INSTRUMENT DIAGRAM
Illustration showing the layout and dimensions of equipment, units and buildings. They are drawn to scale so that everything is of the correct relative size.
Plot plan.
Basic illustration that uses symbols and direction arrows to show the primary flow of a product through a process. It includes information such as operating conditions, the location of main instruments and major pieces of equipment.
PFD
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
Show the direction of electrical current flow in a circuit, typically beginning at the power source.
Schematics
Simple illustration used to represent the equipment, instruments, and the devices on a PFD or P&ID. Some symbols are standard throughout the industry while others may be specific to the individual manufacturing or engineering company.
Symbol
A section of a drawing that contains the drawing title, drawing number, revision number, sheet number, company information, process unit, and approval signatures. Identifies the drawing as a legend, system, or layout.
Title block
Illustration that provides process technicians a PFD type view of the utilities used for a process.
UFD
UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAM
Typical utilities shown on a UFD include:
Steam Condensate Cooling water Instrument air Plant air Nitrogen Fuel gas
Compounds composed of two or more metals that are mixed together in a molten solution
Alloys
Solid plates or covers that are installed between pipe flanges to prevent the flow of fluids and isolate equipment or piping sections when repairs are being preformed; typically made of metal.
Blinds
Deterioration of a metal by a chemical reaction
Corrosion
Segment of pipe that allows for expansion and contraction during temperature changes.
Expansion loop
Flexible material used to seal components together so they are air or watertight.
Gasket
Any substance that prevents the passage of heat, light, electricity or sound from one medium to another.
Insulation
Pipes that have a pipe within a pipe design so that hot or cold fluids can be circulated around the process fluid without the two fluids coming into direct contact with each other.
Jacketed pipes
Piping support that suspends pipes from the ceiling or other pipes.
Pipe hanger
Piping support that protects piping, tubing, and hoses from Vibration and shock; also a ring type device used to temporarily stop a pipe leak.
Pipe clamp
Piping support that supports pipes from underneath
Pipe shoe
Piping reference number that pertains to the wall thickness, Inside diameter, outside diameter, and specific weight per foot of pipe.
Schedule
Device used to remove condensate from the steam system or piping.
Steam trap
Type of corrosion that results in the formation of stress cracks
Stress corrosion
The pull stress, in force per unit area, required to BREAK a given specimen.
Tensile strength
What accounts for 30 to 40 percent of the initial invest intent when building a new facility ?
Piping
What are long hallow cylinders through which fluids are transmitted?
Pipes
What is made from a variety of materials including copper, synthetics, plastics, and alloys, and it can be used in a variety of applications.
Tubing
Because of the pressure, temperature, and the corrosive nature of some fluids, the material the _____ is made of must be designed to withstand the service for which it is being used.
Hose
What is used to deliver various utilities like air, water, nitrogen, and steam?
And can be made from materials such as plastic, rubber, fiber, metal or a combination?
Utility hoses
Rubber hoses that are flexible with a woven metal fiber outer or inner casing. Normally used to connect piping to a transport vehicle, and for steam pressure about 250 psi.
Steel braided hoses
Flexible hoses that are color coded to ensure that the proper hose is used for a particular service.
Color coded flex hoses.
All hoses have a maximum ______ _____ at a specific temperature. _____ _____ decrease with increasing temperature.
Specific temperature.
What are generally proprietary groups of alloys that have better corrosion resistance than stainless steels.
Medium and high alloys.
A variety of _____ ____ is used in corrosive service. Organic and inorganic materials are used because they provide superior corrosion resistance.
Nonmetallic piping
Consists of a mating plate used to join two pieces of pipe or a valve to a piece of pipe.
Flange
Threaded on both the internal and external surfaces; used to join two pipes of different sizes.
Bushing
Used to close the end of a piping run; similar to caps, except that the threading is male and plugs and a female threaded fitting; can be glued, threaded or welded.
Plug
Used to cap the open end of a pipe; may be threaded, glued, or welded.
Cap
Joins two sections of threaded pipe but allows them to be disconnected without cutting or disturbing the position of the pipe.
Union
A short length of pipe with threads on both ends; can be used to extend the length of a pipe or make temporary connections for maintenance purposes.
Nipple.
Used to connect shafts, pipe, tubing sections, or hoses together.
Coupling
Used to connect two pipes of difference diameters, both ends are female, it home end being lager than the other.
Bell reducer.
A 45° or 90° angle that is used to change the direction of flow.
Elbow
A T-shaped that allows the splitting or joining of flows; normally the openings join at a 90° angle, but they may have a lesser angle.
Tee
Contains a fine mesh that allows fluid to flow through while holding back solid particles; located before process equipment.
Strainer
A cross shape that allows four pipes to be connected together at 90° angles.
Cross
Tubing connection that is sealed by a slip on tapered sleeve and that presses against the joining tubing when pressure is applied by a threaded connection that fits over the sleeve.
Compression fitting
Type of quick connecting fitting
Utility connection
Type of cooling with two prongs and a sealing gasket used primarily to connect air flared in a bell shape and sealed with a ferrule and nut.
Flared fitting
Prevents the accidental connection to the wrong utility; unique for nitrogen service.
Nitrogen hose coupling
Special tubing and piping connections that are sealed by spring loaded seals so they can be connected and disconnected easily.
Quick connect
Special steam hose connectors that screw together so high pressure steam cannot blow them apart; also referred to as boss fittings.
Steam hose fitting
Used between all flange connections to seal the connection. Types include: spiral wound, tang, and ring.
Size, material, and rating must match the application.
Gaskets
Paste applied to the thread of a pipe to seal the thread connections.
Sealant compound
A thin, white tape made of Teflon, used to lubricate and seal make pipe threads.
Teflon tape
Insulation can be made of many materials, including:
Glass Kaowool Mineral wool Fiberglass Insulation brick Wrap Foam
A valve used to control the flow of heavy fluids. Available in horizontal, vertical, and angle designs.
Ball check valve
A type of valve that uses a flor control element shaped like a hallowed out ball, attached to an external handle, to increase or decrease flow.
Ball valve.
Used to block flow to and from equipment and piping systems.
Block valve
The portion of a valve body through which the stem leaves the body and contains the stem packing.
Bonnet
A type of valve that allows flow in only one direction and is used to prevent reversal of flow in a pipe
Check valve.
A valve that automatically controls the increase or decrease of fluid flow through a pipe by remote operation.
Control valve
A movable plate that regulates the flow of air, draft, or flue gases.
Damper
A positive shutoff valve that utilizes a gate or guillotine that when moved between two seats causes a tight shut off.
Gate valve.
Type of valve that uses a flexible chemical resistance rubber type diaphragm to control flow.
Diaphragm valve
Type of valve that uses a plug and seat to regulate the flow of fluid through the valve body. Plug is shaped like globe.
Globe valve.
The mechanism that raises and lowers a valve stem to allow or restrict the flow of fluid through a valve.
Hand wheel.
A valve that has built in globe valve bodies and is available in horizontal or vertical designs.
Lift check valve.
Moveable slanted slays that are used to adjust the flow of air.
Louvers
A hand operated valve that is opened or closed using a hand wheel or lever.
Manual valve.
