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Geography (Human) - Key Terms > Key Terms - Changing Places > Flashcards

Key Terms - Changing Places Flashcards

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1
Q

‘Big Data’ (def)

A

Extremely large data sets that may be analysed computationally to reveal patterns, trends and associations, especially related to human behaviour and interactions.

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2
Q

Cartography (def)

A

The study and practice of making maps.

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3
Q

Census (def)

A

An official count or survey, usually of a population. Happen every 10 years in the UK and are used by central and local government for resource allocation.

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4
Q

Clone town (def)

A

Urban areas dominated by chain stores. Towns looking very similar.

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5
Q 
Corporate body (def)
How does this link to place?
A

Organisation or group identified by particular name. Businesses, institutions, NPOs, govt agencies. Many interested in place but keen to manipulate sense of place for financial gain.

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6
Q

Counter mapping (def)

A

A bottom-up process by which people produce their own maps based on their local knowledge.

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7
Q

Deprivation (def)

A

The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society.

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8
Q

Dialect (def)

A

A particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group.

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9
Q

Endogenous factor (def)

A

Factors associated with a place which originated internally, such as physical geographical aspects, the demographic and economic characteristics of the area.

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10
Q

Exogenous factor (def)

A

Relationship of one place with others shaped by flows of people, money and resources between 2 areas. Examples are tourism, government policies, TNC decisions or impacts of global/international institutions.

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11
Q

Experienced place (def)

A

Places a person has spent time in.

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12
Q

Far/distant place (def)

A

A place either geographically far from a place or uncomfortable/unfamiliar to a person.

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13
Q

First space representations (def)

A

Understanding a place based on quantitative analysis of what is usually there and can be measured eg. demographic/socioeconomic data.

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14
Q 
Genius loci (def)
What importance is this to town planners?
A

The prevailing character or atmosphere of a place.

Town planners aim to maintain the traditional aspects of a place represented by its genius loci.

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15
Q

Globalism (def)

A

The process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected. May be making individual places less important as clone towns appear. Identical shops, car parks, housing and roads have emerged. Also TNCs have spread worldwide.

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16
Q

Glocalisation (def)

Give an example of this.

A

When multinationals have to adapt to suit their market place. McDonald’s remove pork from their menus in Muslim countries.

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17
Q

Heritage tourism (def)

A

Where tourists travel to experience places, attractions and artefacts that authentically represent experiences of the people in the past

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18
Q

Homogenised places (def)

A

Areas which are uniform or similar, such as airport departure lounges or car parks.

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19
Q

Identity (def)

A

An individual or group’s sense of attachment to a place where they live. Can also be fostered by religion/flag/anthems/imagery.

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20
Q

Information-Age (def)

A

A period in human history characterised by the shift from traditional industry (from Industrial Rev) to an economy based on information computerisation.

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21
Q

In place (def)

A

When someone belongs or can identify with a place, eg. a businessman feeling in place at Canary Wharf.

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22
Q

Insiders (def)

A

A certain person who belongs to a certain place or limited circle of people/community

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23
Q

Locale (def)

A

A place where people can come together and communicate, either through different cultures, traditions, events or gatherings. A place shaped by people.

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24
Q

Localisation (def)

A

A greater focus on local place and promotion of local goods and services

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25
Q

Localism (def)

A

An affection for or emotional ownership of a place. Manifested in nimbyism.

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26
Q

Location (def)

A

Where a place is, can be given by coordinates on a map.

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27
Q

Media place (def)

A

Places a person has experienced not in person but only through media such as books, films, documentaries and songs etc.

28
Q

Meaning (def)

A

Individual or collective perceptions on a place.

29
Q

What is multiple deprivation? Give categories (def)

A

The lack of material benefits in the following categories: income, employment, health/disability, education, skills, training, housing and services, proximity to crime, living environment.

30
Q

Nationalism (def)

A

Loyalty and devotion to a nation, strengthened by a common language, anthem and flag.

31
Q 
Near place (def)
How has globalism affected this?
A

A place either geographically close to another or a place with which someone feels a strong attachment.
Due to globalism, geographically far places are no longer far in terms of attachment to someone.

32
Q

Nimbysim (def)

A

A term for resisting unwanted development close to where someone lives. Can apply to new building developments or other changes to an area.

33
Q

Objective (def)

A

Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering or representing facts.

34
Q

Orientalism (def)

A

A prejudiced, outsider view of the east, pioneered by European colonialism and supposed Western superiority over other areas.

35
Q

Out of place (def)

A

If someone feels unwelcome or unable to identify with a place.

36
Q

Outsiders (def)

A

Someone who either feels or isn’t part of a community. Feel OUT OF PLACE.

37
Q

Perception of place (def)

A

The way in which a place is viewed/regarded by people. Influenced by experiences, media representation and demographic/cultural characteristics of a place.

38
Q

Phenomenological approach (def)

A

The interest in how someone experiences a certain place and the relationship between place and person rather than a place’s characteristics or it’s purpose.

39
Q

Place (def)

A

A location given meaning by people.

40
Q

Place attachment (def)

A

The emotional bond between people and a certain place.

41
Q

Place making (def)

A

The deliberate shaping of an environment in order to create social interaction and improve quality of life.

42
Q

Place making movement (def)

A

A movement which reimagines public spaces within a community. Emphasises identity, belonging and well-being, with the intention of creating social interaction.

43
Q

Placelessness (def)

A

The loss of uniqueness in a place’s landscape, often seen in homogenised places.

44
Q

Place marketing (def)

A

When marketing and PR companies are employed by local and national governments to improve outsider perceptions of a place.

45
Q

Positionality (def)

A

A theory in which different people perceive places in different ways depending on certain factors eg. race, age, gender, religion, politics, socioeconomic status.

46
Q

Provenance (def)

A

The place of origin or earliest known history of something.

47
Q

Qualitative data (def)

A

Information that is non-numerical and used in a relatively instructed way.

48
Q

Quantitative data (def)

A

Data which can be quantified and verified, able to be used for statistical manipulation.

49
Q

Rebranding (def)

A

The way that a place is redeveloped and marketed in order to give it a new identity. Done in order to remove negative perceptions of a place. Involves reimagine and regeneration.

50
Q

Regionalism (def)

A

Consciousness or loyalty to a region, often leading to calls for more regional independence.

51
Q

Regeneration (def)

A

Long term process of development using social, economic and environmental action to reverse decline and create more sustainable communities.

52
Q

Re-imaging place (def)

A

Disassociates a place from previous negative perceptions of place through crime, pollution, industrial/housing dereliction. Attracts new investment.

53
Q

Reliability (def)

A

The degree to which a result or measurement can be relied upon in terms of accuracy.

54
Q

Representation (def)

A

How a place is portrayed or seen in a society.

55
Q

Second space representation (def)

A

Subjective accounts of personal experience capturing a sense of place. Analysis through qualitative data.

56
Q

Sense of place and place meaning (def)

A

The subjective and emotional attachement people have to a place which may be different to a different person’s emotional attachment.

57
Q

Socially constructed (def)

A

An idea or notion which may appear to be obvious to the people that accept it but that may or may not be reality.

58
Q

Social constructionist approach (def)

A

Sees place as a product of a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time.

59
Q

Social housing (def)

A

Housing provided for people on low incomes or with particular needs by government agencies or non-profit organisations like housing organisations.

60
Q

Social exclusion (def)

A

The relegation to the fringe of society. Occurs when people are wholly or partially excluded from participating in the social, economic and political life of their community based on the demographic/cultural attributes.

61
Q

Spatial exclusion (def)

A

Refers to the defence of luxury lifestyles which have resulted in restrictions in spatial access and the freedom of movement of other urban dwellers. Eg a private road.

62
Q

Stakeholders (def)

A

A person or group that have an interest in a place. May be homeowners, potential investors, businesses, visitors or governments.

63
Q

Statistics (def)

A

The collection and analysis of numerical data in large quantities

64
Q

Target audience (def)

A

A particular group at which a product such as a film or advertisement is aimed.

65
Q

Thirdspace representation (def)

A

The understanding of a place through both qualitative and quantitative data.

66
Q

Tourist gaze (def)

A

The set of expectations which tourists place on local populations when they participate in heritage tourism.

Geography (Human) - Key Terms (2 decks)

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