Key Terms: Archaeplastida

Question 1

plankton

Answer 1

diverse group of mostly microscopic organisms that drift in marine and freshwater systems and serve as a food source for larger aquatic organisms

Question 2

plastid

Answer 2

one of a group of related organelles in plant cells that are involved in the storage of starches, fats, proteins, and pigments

Question 3

Polypodiopsida (ferns)

Answer 3

seedless vascular plant that produces large fronds; the most advanced group of seedless vascular plants

Question 4

heterosporous

Answer 4

produces two types of spores

Question 5

homosporous

Answer 5

produces one type of spore

Question 6

lignin

Answer 6

complex polymer impermeable to water

Question 7

Bryophyta (mosses)

Answer 7

group of bryophytes in which a primitive conductive system appears

Question 8

non-vascular plant

Answer 8

plant that lacks vascular tissue, which is formed of specialized cells for the transport of water and nutrients

Question 9

phloem

Answer 9

tissue responsible for transport of sugars, proteins, and other solutes

Question 10

rhizoids

Answer 10

thin filaments that anchor mosses to the substrate

Question 11

vascular plant

Answer 11

plant containing a network of cells that conducts water and solutes through the organism

Question 12

xylem

Answer 12

tissue responsible for long-distance transport of water and nutrients

Question 13

phycoerythrin

Answer 13

a pigment that exists in red algae, absorbs blue and green wavelengths and reflects red wavelengths

Question 14

ecosystem service

Answer 14

benefits that humans derive, directly or indirectly, from ecosystem functions

Question 15

cuticle

Answer 15

watertight sealant that prevents water loss

Question 16

stoma

Answer 16

pores that can open and close and control gas exchange

Question 17

flavonoids

Answer 17

UV absorbing compounds that prevent DNA damage

Question 18

apical meristems

Answer 18

undifferentiated cells that proliferate throughout life

Question 19

sporophyte

Answer 19

multicellular and diploid, produce spores by meiosis

Question 20

gametophyte

Answer 20

multicellular and haploid, produce gametes by mitosis

Question 21

tracheids

Answer 21

secondary cell walls supported by complex polymer lignin, a type of vascular tissue

Question 22

vessel elements

Answer 22

another type of vascular tissue that is wider, with gaps for more efficient water movement

Question 23

fronds

Answer 23

large leaves, coiled into fiddleheads with they are young

Question 24

sori

Answer 24

clusters on the underside of leaves

Question 25

seed

Answer 25

provides protection, nourishment, and potential of dormancy for the embryo

Question 26

pollen

Answer 26

male spores, protective coating resistant to dessication

Question 27

ovules

Answer 27

female spores

Question 28

flower

Answer 28

reproductive organ,
includes a sepal, petals, stamen (male), and carpel (female)

Question 29

fruit

Answer 29

derived from the ovary, tissue surrounding seeds, aids in seed dispersal, produced by certain species