key terms and their definitions

Question 1

abstract noun

Answer 1

noun that denotes a concept with no physical qualities e.g. courage, doom

Question 2

accommodation

Answer 2

altering speech to emphasise or minimise the differences between the speakers

Question 3

acronym

Answer 3

lol

Question 4

active voice

Answer 4

grammatical structure in which the subject is the actor in the sentence e.g. the dog chewed the bone

Question 5

adjacency pair

Answer 5

shut the window- sure
question/answer

Question 6

adjective phrase

Question 7

adjunct

Answer 7

an adverb that provides more information about a verb, answering the question when, how, where?
e.g. often, fretfully

Question 8

agreement

Answer 8

relationship between words

Question 9

ambiguity

Answer 9

term used to describe something with more than one meaning

Question 10

anaphoric referance

Answer 10

describe referencing in which a pronoun points backwards to an earlier noun phrase- the storm… It fell

Question 11

antithesis

Answer 11

rhetroical device which sets two contrasting ideas in opposite- it was the best…it was the worst

Question 12

attributive

Answer 12

term used to describe modifiers that procede the noun they are describing - unsatisfactory result

Question 13

back challening

Answer 13

interactive features such as minimal responces that demonstrate a participant is listening without interputing the speaker- yeah, mmm

Question 14

back formation

Answer 14

process for forming words in which the affix is removed from the existing word creating a new word in a different word class- babysit (verb) from babysitter (noun)

Question 15

base

Answer 15

minimal form of a word

Question 16

bi-normal pair

Answer 16

expression containing two words joined by a conjunction (unually and/or) often fixed with a fixed order (scream and shout)

Question 17

bound morpheme

Answer 17

prefix or suffix that can only occur attached to a free morpheme e.g. unhappy, driver

Question 18

cardinal number

Answer 18

basic form of number (one, two)

Question 19

caretaker speech

Answer 19

speech when you speak to a child

Question 20

cataphoric reference

Answer 20

term to describe in which a pronoun points forwards to a later noun phrase e.g. He’s ahead

Question 21

clause

Answer 21

group of phrases which usually has a tensed verb

Question 22

cliche

Answer 22

image that has lost its original meaning due to its overuse e.g. only time will tell, frightened to death

Question 23

clipping

Answer 23

creation of a new word with the same word class and denotation by dropping a syllable e.g. spec, Thurs

Question 24

closed clause

Answer 24

group of words with a grammatical function to which new words are are added rarely

Question 25

cleft sentence

Answer 25

sentence which has been rearranged with a dummy subject (it+to be), followed by the focus of the sentence and relative clause (it is school traffic that slows everything down on a weekday)

Question 26

cohesion

Answer 26

linguistic connections which link elements of discourse

Question 27

coinage

Answer 27

the construction and addition of new words to the word stock

Question 28

collective noun

Answer 28

a herd, a gang

Question 29

collocation

Answer 29

a recognisable group of words that frequently occur together (there you go)

Question 30

comment clause

Answer 30

i think…, i mean…

Question 31

complement

Answer 31

a clause that adds extra information about the subject

Question 32

compound-complex

Answer 32

sentence made up of at least two coordinated main clauses and at least one subordinate clause

Question 33

compound sentence

Answer 33

a sentence made up of at least two made clauses linked with a coordinating conjunction

Question 34

conjunct

Answer 34

adverb that has a linking function (nevertheless, however)

Question 35

consonant cluster

Answer 35

a group of connotations occuring at the beginning of a word (stream, plot, thread)

Question 36

contraction

Answer 36

a shortened word (can’t)

Question 37

convergence

Answer 37

adapting language to reduce the differences between speakers

Question 38

copula verb

Answer 38

verb that is followed by a compliment (seem, appear)

Question 39

count noun

Answer 39

noun that refers to things that can be counted and which has a plural form (computers/computer)

Question 40

degree adverb

Answer 40

an adverb that indicates the extent of a quality (very, really, quite)

Question 41

deixis

Answer 41

term describing expressions but rely on context for interpretations (over there)

Question 42

demonstrative

Answer 42

this/that, these/those

Question 43

denotation

Answer 43

dictionary meaning of a word

Question 44

deontic modality

Answer 44

modal verb expressing ability, necessity or obligation e.g. can, could, may, must

Question 45

dependent clause

Answer 45

a clause that cannot stand alone (also called subordinate clause)

Question 46

derivation

Answer 46

term to describe words that are formed by adding affixes to create new words e.g. slow+ness