key terms and their definitions Flashcards

1
Q

abstract noun

A

noun that denotes a concept with no physical qualities e.g. courage, doom

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2
Q

accommodation

A

altering speech to emphasise or minimise the differences between the speakers

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3
Q

acronym

A

lol

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4
Q

active voice

A

grammatical structure in which the subject is the actor in the sentence e.g. the dog chewed the bone

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5
Q

adjacency pair

A

shut the window- sure
question/answer

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6
Q

adjective phrase

A
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7
Q

adjunct

A

an adverb that provides more information about a verb, answering the question when, how, where?
e.g. often, fretfully

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8
Q

agreement

A

relationship between words

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9
Q

ambiguity

A

term used to describe something with more than one meaning

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10
Q

anaphoric referance

A

describe referencing in which a pronoun points backwards to an earlier noun phrase- the storm… It fell

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11
Q

antithesis

A

rhetroical device which sets two contrasting ideas in opposite- it was the best…it was the worst

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12
Q

attributive

A

term used to describe modifiers that procede the noun they are describing - unsatisfactory result

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13
Q

back challening

A

interactive features such as minimal responces that demonstrate a participant is listening without interputing the speaker- yeah, mmm

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14
Q

back formation

A

process for forming words in which the affix is removed from the existing word creating a new word in a different word class- babysit (verb) from babysitter (noun)

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15
Q

base

A

minimal form of a word

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16
Q

bi-normal pair

A

expression containing two words joined by a conjunction (unually and/or) often fixed with a fixed order (scream and shout)

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17
Q

bound morpheme

A

prefix or suffix that can only occur attached to a free morpheme e.g. unhappy, driver

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18
Q

cardinal number

A

basic form of number (one, two)

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19
Q

caretaker speech

A

speech when you speak to a child

20
Q

cataphoric reference

A

term to describe in which a pronoun points forwards to a later noun phrase e.g. He’s ahead

21
Q

clause

A

group of phrases which usually has a tensed verb

22
Q

cliche

A

image that has lost its original meaning due to its overuse e.g. only time will tell, frightened to death

23
Q

clipping

A

creation of a new word with the same word class and denotation by dropping a syllable e.g. spec, Thurs

24
Q

closed clause

A

group of words with a grammatical function to which new words are are added rarely

25
cleft sentence
sentence which has been rearranged with a dummy subject (it+to be), followed by the focus of the sentence and relative clause (it is school traffic that slows everything down on a weekday)
26
cohesion
linguistic connections which link elements of discourse
27
coinage
the construction and addition of new words to the word stock
28
collective noun
a herd, a gang
29
collocation
a recognisable group of words that frequently occur together (there you go)
30
comment clause
i think..., i mean...
31
complement
a clause that adds extra information about the subject
32
compound-complex
sentence made up of at least two coordinated main clauses and at least one subordinate clause
33
compound sentence
a sentence made up of at least two made clauses linked with a coordinating conjunction
34
conjunct
adverb that has a linking function (nevertheless, however)
35
consonant cluster
a group of connotations occuring at the beginning of a word (stream, plot, thread)
36
contraction
a shortened word (can't)
37
convergence
adapting language to reduce the differences between speakers
38
copula verb
verb that is followed by a compliment (seem, appear)
39
count noun
noun that refers to things that can be counted and which has a plural form (computers/computer)
40
degree adverb
an adverb that indicates the extent of a quality (very, really, quite)
41
deixis
term describing expressions but rely on context for interpretations (over there)
42
demonstrative
this/that, these/those
43
denotation
dictionary meaning of a word
44
deontic modality
modal verb expressing ability, necessity or obligation e.g. can, could, may, must
45
dependent clause
a clause that cannot stand alone (also called subordinate clause)
46
derivation
term to describe words that are formed by adding affixes to create new words e.g. slow+ness