Key terms and Sociologists - FAMILY Flashcards
Functionalist research on the Nuclear Family (2)
Murdock and Parsons
What is Murdock’s view
nuclear family was still the foundation for society. Found that the nuclear family was at the core of every society.
What is Parsons view
- The nuclear family performs two essential functions, including; socialisation of children and stabilisation of adult personalities
- Males adopting the instrumental role and females adopting the expressive role.
- He also argued that nuclear families are better for industrial society which might require families to be more mobile to move for work (OUTDATED)
What did ONS show about the Nuclear Family
The ONS 2013 showed that the most common type of family was a married couple or same sex couple in a civil partnership and their dependent children.
However it is decreasing in popularity
What does Peter Wilmott say about extended family
refers to the dispersed extended family which means the extended family don’t live together but provide essential support each other.
What % of lone parent families represent family population
Lone parent families represent 25% of families with dependent children.
What does Grant say about reconstituted families and men
Grant (2006) - Men are increasingly likely to bring up someone else’s children whilst their own are brought up elsewhere as most children stay with the mother after a separation.
Give some legal ways of Homosexuality
1967 Same sex relationships between adult men over 21 were legalised for the first time.
Age of consent was equalised in 2000
2005 Civil partnerships came into place
Equality Act 2010 made it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of sexuality
March 2014 Same sex marriage legalised
However still a small minority
Who studied Cohabiting couples
Beaujouan & Bhrolchain
beaujayn and blockjain
What did Beaujouan find on cohabitation
cohabitation before marriage has become the norm. 80% of couples cohabit (2004)
How many households cohabit
11% of households were made up of cohabiting couples
Who studied Singlehood (3)
K, S, R
Killnenberg
Smith
Roseanell
What does Killnenberg argue (singlehood)
Cult of the individual. In modern society we focus on our own needs rather than our place in society as a whole.
What does Smith argue (singlehood)
singlehood is often only temporary.
What did Roseanell argue (singlehood)
rejecting the heteronorm. Friends are taking the place of family individuals no longer build their relationship around marriage.
What % of marriages are remarriages
34%
Are marriages less religious
70% of marriages were civil ceremonies showing this
What do new right think about divorce rate
New Right thinkers – argue that divorce rate is a consequence of a decline in traditional family values.
What does Patricia Morgan believe about marriages
governments have given insufficient support for marriage as an institution in terms of incentivising others through tax /benefits supports.
Who created the Cereal packet family
Leach
What is the Cereal packet family
the media promotes the nuclear family as the ideal – on TV programmes, adverts etc.
Who came up with Functions of the Family
Murdock
What is Functions of the family (5 main ways)
primary socialisation, education, emotional function, reproductive function, sexual function
What did Wilmott research find about conjugal roles
Wilmott’s research in the East End in the 1970s revealed that even if males and females performed different jobs they enjoyed equal status in the family
What is preference theory
women have increased choice in what they want to do. e.g. 20% work orientated
Who came up with preference theory
Catherine Hakim
What did Jan Pahl discuss with individualism and finances
Growing individualism in couples finances with men and women often having their own bank accounts
What did Sue Palmer come up with
Toxic Childhood
What is Toxic Childhood
Children are being fed a diet of junk food, excessive exposure to violence and porn and a lack of love and discipline due to parents being forced to work long hours.
What did Furedi argue about parenting
paranoid parenting
What is Paranoid Parenting
parents are now terrified of risk and harm to their children – this can lead to helicopter parenting
What did Bhatti –(1999) argue about Asian children
Asian children are bought up more strictly than white British children-with.
What did Ravinder Barn argue about ethnic and poverty
(2006)– ethnic minority groups – Pakistani, Bangladeshi and black families are more likely to grown up in poverty, affecting their experiences of childhood.
What are Boomerang families
Refers to children who leave home to go to University but then return home to live with parents due to economic reasons
‘Define Kippers’ kids in parents pockets
Concept by Heath (2004) referring to young people who continue to live with their parents in early adulthood to save money, but are eroding their parents savings
What does Chambers argue about parenthood
Ideas about what good parenting is have changed since the 1970s due to the growth in women’s employment and the rise in divorce rates. Whilst there is a lot of debate about what constitutes good parenting, parenting roles are normally strongly
gendered still.
What does McCarthy argue about motherhood
Women still feel the need to conform to traditional ideals about motherhood. Women are generally perceived of having ultimate responsibility for raising (young) children.
What does Gray discuss about fatherhood.
Fathers are keen to spend time with their children –
and express fatherhood. However many men struggled to match this with the demands on their time from work.
What is ‘Dads on Dads’ and who was it by
Hatter - laws appear to make it easier for Dads to get involved in childcare, but the reality of the workplace means that men are not encouraged to take time off work.
What does Hatter identify on fatherhood
Hatter identifies different types of dad – enforcer dad (traditional role), entertainer dad, useful dad and fully involved dad (does everything).
DADS ON DADS
`What did Thompson find on fatherhood
Thompson found that Dads are more
willing than ever to stay at home to look after the children
What did Statham find on Grandparents
grand parenting can take many different forms – looking after children, living in extended families, proving financial support.
What did a HBCS survey say on grandparents
grandparents save parents £50 billion on childcare
What is the sandwich generation
adults can end up looking after their adult children and their aged parents, so grandparents may become a burden as we are now living longer than expected.
What is individualisation
Beck argues that we are no longer bound by traditional family obligations and are free to pursue our own individual interests. They argue this has led to family diversity.
What is confluent love
A term developed by Giddens – refers to the idea that we are less committed to long term relationships and more likely to pursue more superficial short term relationships that might be more convenient
Define duel burden
people who work to earn money, but who are also responsible for significant amounts of unpaid domestic labour.
Define triple shift
being a mother, housewife and also working a waged job, also known paid work, domestic work and emotional work
Functionalists see the family as _____
Universal
How many people in nuclear family in UK
2/3 of family households
who created the neo conventional family
Chester
What is neo conventional family
Many families are not strict nuclear families but instead are loosely based on the nuclear family.
Theory: Families of ____
Choice
