Key Terms and Definitions Flashcards
What is acetylcholine?
A neurotransmitter that stimulates M3 receptors.
What is acetylcholinesterase?
The enzyme that breaks down ACh.
Define Adrenergic.
Stimulates a receptor for epinephrine or norepinephrine.
Define Afferent.
Signals going TO the brain.
Define Agonist.
A chemical or drug that binds to a receptor and creates an effect on the body.
Define antagonist.
A chemical or drug that blocks the receptor.
Define antiadrenergic.
A drug that blocks adrenergic receptors.
Define anticholinergic.
A drug that blocks the receptors for acetylcholine.
Define bioavailability.
The amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation.
Define cholinergic.
A drug that stimulates the receptors for acetylcholine.
Define ED50.
The dose at which a drug produces 50% of the maximal effect.
Define efferent.
Signals transmitted AWAY (Exiting) from the brain.
Define enteral.
Using the intestine.
Define first-pass effect.
The initial metabolism of an orally administrated drug by the liver.
Define generic name.
The name assigned to a chemical by the USAN council. NOT the brand name/trade name.
Define idiosyncratic effect.
An abnormal or unexpected reaction to a drug, other than an allergic reaction, as compared with the predicted effect.
Define LD50
The dose at which it is lethal to 50% of recipients.
Define local effect.
Drug’s effect is limited to the area it was administered.
Define L/T ratio.
The amount of the drug that is made available to the lung out of the total available to the body.
Define medication reconciliation.
The formal process in which healthcare providers work together with patients, families, and care providers to ensure accurate and comprehensive medication information is communicated consistently across transitions of care.
Define nonproprietary name.
The name of a drug other than its trademarked name.
Define norepinephrine.
An endogenous catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla.
Define official name.
When a drug is approved, the generic name becomes the official name.
Define orphan drug.
A drug used for the treatment of a rare disease so the company that produces it will not produce it widely and it must be subsidized by the government or patient in order to be made.
