Key terms and brief outline of diabetes Flashcards
What is type 1 diabetes?
No insulin produced beta cells because they become destroyed.
What is type 2 diabetes?
An insufficient amount of insulin is produced.
What is the role of the pancreas?
Produces insulin.
What is glucagon?
A hormone made by alpha cells in the pancreas. It increases the concentration of glucose in the blood.
Where is glucose absorbed?
Absorbed by the stomach and intestines and then the bloodstream.
How does glucose work?
Once glucose is in the bloodstream, it causes the blood sugar to increase. A high blood glucose signals the beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin.
What is the role of insulin?
It keeps the blood sugar stable.
What is the role of somatostatin?
These work to reduce the rate at which food is absorbed from the contents of the intestine
What is glycogen?
A substance deposited in body tissue (mainly the liver) as a store of carbohydrates.
What is glycogenesis?
The creation of glycogen. Excess glucose is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle as glycogen.
What is glycogenolysis?
The breakdown of glycogen. If the body needs to get glucose after it drops to a low level, then the liver will breakdown glycogen, so glucose can form.
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose to form energy.
What is Gluconeogenesis?
The formation of glucose from smaller molecules. When someone is fasting for a long time, gluconeogenesis produces glucose for energy.
What is the normal blood glucose for healthy people?
4 to 6 mmol/L.
What is the normal blood glucose for people with diabetes?
4 to 7 mmol/L in type 1 and 2.