key terms

Question 1

Murdock (1949)

Answer 1

defines family as ‘a group- of people who live in the same house. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom have a socially approved sexual children and one or more children’

Question 2

Parsons (1955)

Answer 2

Functionalist - instrumental and expressive roles in a nuclear family

Question 3

Young + Willmott (1962)

Answer 3

‘Symmetrical Family’ - men are now taking on a greater share of the housework

Question 4

Bott (1957)

Answer 4

Two types of conjugal roles - segrated conjugal roles and joint conjuagal roles

Question 5

Oakley (1974)

Answer 5

Criticises Young + Willmott and the ‘symmetrical family’ as it is exaggerated

Question 6

Boulton (1983)

Answer 6

Fewer than 20% of men had a major role in the care of the children

Question 7

Warde + Hetherington (1993)

Answer 7

sex-typing of domestic roles remains strong

Question 8

Future Foundation (2000)

Answer 8

Generational change - 70% of womendo less housework than their mothers, 65% of men do more than their fathers

Question 9

Gershuny (1994)

Answer 9

‘Trend towards equality’ - wives that worked full time did less domestic work

Question 10

Sullivan (2000)

Answer 10

trend towards greater equality as men did more domestic work - data collected 1975, 1987 and 1997

Question 11

Crompton (1997)

Answer 11

Accepts Gershuny’s evidence - as women’s earnings increase, men do more work in the home

Question 12

Silver (1987)

Answer 12

Commecialisation of housework - causing less of a burden on women

Question 13

Schor (1993)

Answer 13

Commecialisation of housework - causing less of a burden on women

Question 14

Barrett + McIntosh (1994)

Answer 14

Men gain more from women’s domestic work than they give in financial support

Question 15

Kempson (1994)

Answer 15

low income families - women denied their own needs to make ends meet

Question 16

Graham (1984)

Answer 16

women living on benefits after separating with their husbands felt better off - benefits a more reliable source of income

Question 17

Pahl + Volger (1993)

Answer 17

Pooling and allowance systems

Question 18

Hardill (1997)

Answer 18

30 dual career couples - men still had a part in the important decisions if not making them alone

Question 19

Finch (1983)

Answer 19

women’s lives structured around husband’s career

Question 20

Edgall (1980)

Answer 20

Very Important Decisions made by husband - important made jointly - less important made by wife

Question 21

Yearshire (1997)

Answer 21

found that on average women suffer 35 assaults before making a report

Question 22

Cheal (1991)

Answer 22

state agencies are reluctant to get involved in domestic abuse cases

Question 23

Dobash + Dobash

Answer 23

domestic violence is evidence of patriachy

Question 24

Ferri + Smith (1996)

Answer 24

provide evidence of the dual burden

Question 25

Morris (1990)

Answer 25

found that men who had suffered a loss of their masculine role as a result of become unemployed saw domestic work as women’s work

Question 26

Ramos (2003)

Answer 26

men who are not in work and partner works full-time, male domestic labour matches that of his partner

Question 27

Duncombe + Marsden (1995)

Answer 27

argue that women are expected not only to have a dual burden of housework and paid work, but also a triple shift that includes emotion work

Question 28

Dunne (1999)

Answer 28

in lesbian relationships women do not have to apply to certain gender scripts and so relationships are more equal when it comes to childcare and housework and both hold each other’s career to the same standard

Question 29

Weeks (1999)

Answer 29

same-sex relationships offer greater possibilities for equality

Question 30

Coleman et al (2007)

Answer 30

women are more likely to have experienced ‘intimate violence’ across all four types of abuse - partner abuse, family abuse, sexual assault and stalking