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Geography Semester Exam > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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0
Q

Acid rain

A

Chemicals combine with water vapor in the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain

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1
Q

Absolute location

A

A location’s position on the globe.

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2
Q

Atmosphere

A

The layers of air around the earth

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3
Q

Authoritarian government

A

A form of govt. where only one person or group controls the government

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4
Q

Biome

A

Major types of ecosystems found throughout the world

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5
Q

Biosphere

A

All of the earth that is occupied by plants, animals, and other living organisms

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6
Q

Birthrate

A

Number of live births each year per 1,000 people

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7
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that only eats meat

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8
Q

Chapperal

A

A type of forest that is made up of small evergreens and ow bushes or scrub with leathery leaves to hold water from the wet winter for the dry dummer

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9
Q

Character of a place

A

Includes physical and human characteristics of a place

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10
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Weathering that changes the chemical composition of rock

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11
Q

Climate

A

The weather patterns of a place over a long period of time

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12
Q

Cloud

A

Masses of tiny particles of water and dust

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13
Q

Command economy

A

A type of economy where the government controls what is made, how much of it is made, where its sold, its selling price, and how much of it is sold

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14
Q

Commercial farming

A

The production of food and other agricultural products for sale in the market

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15
Q

Commercial industry

A

The production of goods for a profit

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16
Q

Confederation

A

A type of government where smaller political units keep their sovereignty and give the central government only certain powers

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17
Q

Coniferous

A

Trees that keep their leaves year round and drop cones with their seeds in them

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18
Q

Continent

A

A large land mass

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19
Q

Continental climate

A

Areas on the inner part of a continent that have cold snowy winters, and hot summers

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20
Q

Continental drift theory

A

The theory that the continents once were all together (in the for, of the supercontinent Pangaea) but drifted apart

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21
Q

Convectional precipitation

A

A type of precipitation that happens in the tropics when hot humid air rises from the earth’s surface cools and then rain falls (since it can’t hold much water)

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22
Q

Core

A

The innermost part of the Earth that contains very hot metal (mostly iron with some nickel)

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23
Q

Cottage industry

A

An industry where goods are made by hand

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24
Q

Crust

A

The rocky surface of the earth

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25
Q

Cultural convergence

A

When skills, ideas, art, habits, and institutions of one culture meet those of another culture

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26
Q

Cultural divergence

A

The restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences

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27
Q

Culture

A

The beliefs and actions that define a group of people’s way of life

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28
Q

Cultural hearth

A

Refers to a place from where important ideas begin and from where they spread to surrounding cultures

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29
Q

Deciduous

A

A type of tree that loses its leaves during one season of the year (generally fall)

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30
Q

Democracy

A

A type of government where people choose their leaders and have the ability to set government policy

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31
Q

Dictatorship

A

A type of government where the power is concentrated in one small group or one person

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32
Q

Diffusion

A

The process by which cultural ideas transfer to another culture

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33
Q

Ecosystem

A

Formed by interaction between plant life, animal life, and the physical features of the area

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34
Q

Emigrant

A

A person who leaves a country to live in another place

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35
Q

Equinox

A

Dates in the spring and the fall when the daylight and the nighttime are exactly equal

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36
Q

Erosion

A

Movement of weathered materials

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37
Q

Export

A

Goods that are made in one country and sold in another

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38
Q

Federation

A

A type of government where some powers are given to the national government and others are reserved for the local government

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39
Q

Formal region

A

A region defined by political boundaries

40
Q

Fossil fuel

A

Coal, oil, and natural gas which were made thousands of years ago from the remains of ancient plants and animals

41
Q

Front

A

Air masses

42
Q

Frontal precipitation

A

Precipitation that occurs when two fronts meet (one warm and one cold)

43
Q

Functional region

A

Consist of a central place and the areas it affects

44
Q

Geography

A

The study of where people, places, and things are and how they relate to each other

45
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Energy that comes from the Earth’s internal heat

46
Q

GIS

A

Geographic information system- a computer that collects, displays, analyzes, and manipulates data about the earth’s surface

47
Q

Glacier

A

Huge slow moving sheets of ice

48
Q

Hemisphere

A

Half of the earth split into North and South, East and West

49
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal that eats only plants

50
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All of the water on the earth including lakes, reservoirs, oceans, and underground water supplies

51
Q

Immigrant

A

A person that moves from his/her country to live in another

52
Q

Import

A

Goods that are brought into a country to be sold that were made in another country

53
Q

Lithosphere

A

The earth’s crust and the brittle upper layer of the mantle that is broken up into plates

54
Q

Loess

A

Wind blown deposits

55
Q

Mantle

A

A thick layer of rock around the core. Scientists believe that the upper layer of the mantle is made of flexible rock

56
Q

Market economy

A

A type of economy that is controlled by supply and demamd

57
Q

Mechanical weathering

A

Weathering that is caused by physical processes

58
Q

Monarchy

A

A type of authoritarian government where the ruler is part of a line of rulers that are related (usually in the form of a king or queen)

59
Q

Moraine

A

Ridge like piles of rocks and debris

60
Q

Natural resource

A

A resource that is found in nature

61
Q

Nonrenewable resource

A

A natural resource that once it is gone cannot be replenished

62
Q

Nuclear energy

A

Energy that is created from the fission of uranium atoms

63
Q

Orographic precipitation

A

Air flows from the ocean towards a mountain, clouds form, rain falls, the clouds move to the leeward side of the mountain without much rain making the leeward side have a desert climate

64
Q

Ozone layer

A

A band of ozone gas in the atmosphere that absorbs the sun’s UV rays

65
Q

Perception

A

A viewpoint that is influenced by one’s one’s culture and one’s experiences

66
Q

Perceptual region

A

Regions defined by people’s perceptions

67
Q

Permafrost

A

Soil in the tundra that stays permanently frozen

68
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants convert CO2 and sunlight into energy and oxygen

69
Q

Plate tectonics

A

The theory that the earth’s lithosphere is broken up into plates that move and shift

70
Q

Population density

A

The number of people in every square kilometer (or square mile)

71
Q

Prairie

A

Temperate grasslands of N. America

72
Q

Precipitation

A

All forms of water that fall from earth’s atmosphere to its surface

73
Q

Primary economic activity

A

A type of economic activity that directly involves natural resources

74
Q

Quaternary economic activity

A

An economic activity that involves the acquisition, processing, and sharing of knowledge

75
Q

Relative location

A

A places location relative to another place

76
Q

Relief

A

The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points

77
Q

Renewable resource

A

A resource that can be can be renewed after its been used. Ex. Trees

78
Q

Revolution

A

One complete orbit around the sun

79
Q

Ring of fire

A

A circle of volcanoes around thenPacific Ocean

80
Q

Rotation

A

The Earth spinning on its axis for a complete 360 degrees

81
Q

Rural

A

Countryside

82
Q

Savanna

A

Tropical grasslands

83
Q

Secondary economic activities

A

Economic activities that are involved in processing natural rsources

84
Q

Sediment

A

Small particles of soil, sand, and gravel

85
Q

Solar energy

A

Energy from the sun

86
Q

Solstice

A

Days that mark changes in the seasons (during the summer and the winter). In the summer it is the longest day of the year and in the winter it is the shortest day of the year

87
Q

Sovereignty

A

A nation’s freedom from outside control

88
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Farming just enough to provide for your needs

89
Q

Tertiary economic activities

A

Service industries. Ex. Lawyers, salespersons, doctors, etc.

90
Q

Totalitarianism

A

A type of dictatorship where the ruler controls all parts of society

91
Q

Traditional economy

A

Economies where little surplus is made, there is little trade, and it is based mainly on subsistence farming

92
Q

Troposphere

A

The lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs

93
Q

Tundra

A

Regions where the temperatures are almost always cool or cold

94
Q

Unitary system

A

The central govt. makes laws for the entire nation and local governments only have the power that the central government gives them

95
Q

Urbanization

A

The process by which people move from rural areas to urban areas

96
Q

Water power

A

Power that is generated by the movement of falling water

97
Q

Weather

A

The status of the troposphere in one place over a short period of time

98
Q

Weathering

A

The breakdown of rock into smaller and smaller pieces at or near the earth’s surface

Geography Semester Exam (1 decks)

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