KEY TERMS

Question 1

acid dissociation constant

Answer 1

the equilibrium constant that shows the extent of dissociation of a weak acid

Question 2

acid-base pair

Answer 2

a pair of two species that transform into each other by gain to loss of a proton

Question 3

activation energy

Answer 3

the minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds

Question 4

alicyclic

Answer 4

containing carbon atoms joined by a ring that is not aromatic

Question 5

aliphatic

Answer 5

containing carbon atoms joined in straight or branched chains

Question 6

alkali

Answer 6

a type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions

Question 7

acid

Answer 7

a species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution

Question 8

alkyl group

Answer 8

a side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane parent chain

Question 9

aromatic

Answer 9

containing one or more benzene rings

Question 10

atomic number

Answer 10

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 11

atomic orbital

Answer 11

the region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 elections with opposite spins

Question 12

average bond enthalpy

Answer 12

the average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homiletic fission 1 mol of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species

Question 13

Avogadro constant

Answer 13

the number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope (6.02 x 10^23)

Question 14

base

Answer 14

a compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt

Question 15

binary compound

Answer 15

a compound containing 2 elements

Question 16

bond dissociation enthalpy

Answer 16

the enthalpy change when 1 mol of a given bond in the molecules of a gaseous species is broken by homiletic fission

Question 17

carbocation

Answer 17

an ion that contains a positively charged carbon ion

Question 18

chain reaction

Answer 18

a reaction in which the propogation steps release new radicals which continue the reaction

Question 19

chiral carbon

Answer 19

a carbon atom attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atom

Question 20

cis-trans isomerism

Answer 20

type of E/Z isomerism where there are 2 non-hydrogen groups and 2 hydrogen groups around a C-C double bond

Question 21

cis isomer (Z)

Answer 21

H atoms on each carbon on the same side

Question 22

trans isomer (E)

Answer 22

H atoms on each carbon on different sides

Question 23

collision theory

Answer 23

2 particles must collide for a reaction to occur - correct orientation and have sufficient energy to overcome activation energy for the reaction

Question 24

complex ion

Answer 24

a transition metal ion bonded to ligands by coordinate bonds (dative covalent bonds)

Question 25

conjugate acid

Answer 25

a species that releases a proton to form a conjugate base

Question 26

conjugate base

Answer 26

a species that accepts a proton to form a conjugate acid

Question 27

coordinate bond (dative covalent bond)

Answer 27

shared pair of electrons in which the bonded pair has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only

Question 28

coordination number

Answer 28

total number or coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and ligands

Question 29

covalent bond

Answer 29

strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuke of the bonded atoms