KEY TERMS Flashcards
acid dissociation constant
the equilibrium constant that shows the extent of dissociation of a weak acid
acid-base pair
a pair of two species that transform into each other by gain to loss of a proton
activation energy
the minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds
alicyclic
containing carbon atoms joined by a ring that is not aromatic
aliphatic
containing carbon atoms joined in straight or branched chains
alkali
a type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions
acid
a species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution
alkyl group
a side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane parent chain
aromatic
containing one or more benzene rings
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
atomic orbital
the region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 elections with opposite spins
average bond enthalpy
the average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homiletic fission 1 mol of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species
Avogadro constant
the number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope (6.02 x 10^23)
base
a compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt
binary compound
a compound containing 2 elements
bond dissociation enthalpy
the enthalpy change when 1 mol of a given bond in the molecules of a gaseous species is broken by homiletic fission
carbocation
an ion that contains a positively charged carbon ion
chain reaction
a reaction in which the propogation steps release new radicals which continue the reaction
chiral carbon
a carbon atom attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atom
cis-trans isomerism
type of E/Z isomerism where there are 2 non-hydrogen groups and 2 hydrogen groups around a C-C double bond
cis isomer (Z)
H atoms on each carbon on the same side
trans isomer (E)
H atoms on each carbon on different sides
collision theory
2 particles must collide for a reaction to occur - correct orientation and have sufficient energy to overcome activation energy for the reaction
complex ion
a transition metal ion bonded to ligands by coordinate bonds (dative covalent bonds)
conjugate acid
a species that releases a proton to form a conjugate base
conjugate base
a species that accepts a proton to form a conjugate acid
coordinate bond (dative covalent bond)
shared pair of electrons in which the bonded pair has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only
coordination number
total number or coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and ligands
covalent bond
strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuke of the bonded atoms
