key terms Flashcards
Fertile Crescent
invented writing, glass and the wheel. Plants (wheet, barley, peas, lentils) animals (cow, goat, sheep, pigs and the horse) rivers Euphrates and Tigris, cradle of civilization, (modern day syria, jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, iraq, kuwait)
Epic of Gilgamesh
earliest surviving works of literature. written on stone tablets in accadian. story of gilgamesh and enkidu. king hurts his own kingdom of uruk.
Sargon of Akkad
( the first person in recorded history to create a multiethnic, centrally ruled empire, )”the Great King” He became a prominent member of the royal court of Kish, killing the king and usurping his throne before embarking on the quest to conquer Mesopotamia. 23rd and 22nd centuries BC.
Hammurabi’s code of laws
well-preserved Babylonian law code, dating back to about 1772 BC. 282 laws, with scaled punishments
Cuneiform
Cuneiform script[nb 1] is one of the earliest known systems of writing.[1] Emerging in Sumer in the late 4th millennium BC (the Uruk IV period), cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs. In the third millennium, the pictorial representations became simplified and more abstract as the number of characters in use grew smaller, from about 1,000 in the Early Bronze Age to about 400 in Late Bronze Age (Hittite cuneiform). Cuneiform documents were written on clay tablets, by means of a blunt reed for a stylus.The cuneiform writing system was in use for more than 22 centuries,
Nile River
generally regarded as the longest river in the world.[3] It is 6,650 km. the ancient calendar was even based on the 3 cycles of the Nile. Silt deposits from the Nile made the surrounding land fertile because the river overflowed its banks annually. The Ancient Egyptians cultivated and traded wheat, flax, papyrus and other crops around the Nile
Old Kingdom Pharaohs
2686-2125 bc, prosperity, splendor, great pyramids, pharaoh is untouchable, obey him to maintain cosmic order, bureaucracy, pharaoh does not rule alone
Khufu Pyramid
It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu. 10 to 20-year period concluding around 2560 BCE. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet).
Middle Kingdom Egypt
2055-1650 bc,golden age, pharaohs must provide for the public welfare, draining of swampland in the nile delta
Osiris
the god of the afterlife, the underworld and the dead, He was classically depicted as a green-skinned man with a pharaoh’s beard, partially mummy-wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail.With the rise of the cult of Osiris during the Middle Kingdom the “democratization of religion” offered to even his humblest followers the prospect of eternal life, with moral fitness becoming the dominant factor in determining a person’s suitability.
Significance of rivers to civilization (river project)
abundance, mobility, trade, morale
Shang Dynasty
16th century bce. cap anyang, north of yellow river. diviniation, agriculutral, ruled by aristocrats (war), king, aristocrats, protection, king intermediary between heaven and earth,
Confucius
Lu, 551 bc. political and social philosifoer. concentrate on ordering the affairs of this world. dao, the way. duty, compassion
Legalism
inherently bad, only follow rules if coerced by harsh laws and stiff punishments. officials cound not be trusted. human effort should be channeled into building up of the state.
Daoism
LAO TZU. not action, but inaction. act spontaneously and let nature take its course.
Qin Shihuangdi
chest of bird, voice of jackal, heart of a tiger. defeated the divided states of the remnants of the Zhou dynasty to create the QIN dynsaty. centralized government, legalism, book burning, standardized money and writing systems,
Harrapan Society
A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture is evident in the Indus Valley Civilization making them the first urban centres in the region. The quality of municipal town planning suggests the knowledge of urban planning and efficient municipal governments which placed a high priority on hygiene, or, alternatively, accessibility to the means of religious ritual.
Caste system (Varnas)
social stratification, rigid social groups, priests, warriors, traders, workmen, untouchables
Siddhartha Gautama
he becomes buddha, develops the middle way, creates 4 noble truths. dukkah. born noble, leaves to seek enlightenment , @ 29
