key terms Flashcards
Fertile Crescent
invented writing, glass and the wheel. Plants (wheet, barley, peas, lentils) animals (cow, goat, sheep, pigs and the horse) rivers Euphrates and Tigris, cradle of civilization, (modern day syria, jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, iraq, kuwait)
Epic of Gilgamesh
earliest surviving works of literature. written on stone tablets in accadian. story of gilgamesh and enkidu. king hurts his own kingdom of uruk.
Sargon of Akkad
( the first person in recorded history to create a multiethnic, centrally ruled empire, )”the Great King” He became a prominent member of the royal court of Kish, killing the king and usurping his throne before embarking on the quest to conquer Mesopotamia. 23rd and 22nd centuries BC.
Hammurabi’s code of laws
well-preserved Babylonian law code, dating back to about 1772 BC. 282 laws, with scaled punishments
Cuneiform
Cuneiform script[nb 1] is one of the earliest known systems of writing.[1] Emerging in Sumer in the late 4th millennium BC (the Uruk IV period), cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs. In the third millennium, the pictorial representations became simplified and more abstract as the number of characters in use grew smaller, from about 1,000 in the Early Bronze Age to about 400 in Late Bronze Age (Hittite cuneiform). Cuneiform documents were written on clay tablets, by means of a blunt reed for a stylus.The cuneiform writing system was in use for more than 22 centuries,
Nile River
generally regarded as the longest river in the world.[3] It is 6,650 km. the ancient calendar was even based on the 3 cycles of the Nile. Silt deposits from the Nile made the surrounding land fertile because the river overflowed its banks annually. The Ancient Egyptians cultivated and traded wheat, flax, papyrus and other crops around the Nile
Old Kingdom Pharaohs
2686-2125 bc, prosperity, splendor, great pyramids, pharaoh is untouchable, obey him to maintain cosmic order, bureaucracy, pharaoh does not rule alone
Khufu Pyramid
It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu. 10 to 20-year period concluding around 2560 BCE. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet).
Middle Kingdom Egypt
2055-1650 bc,golden age, pharaohs must provide for the public welfare, draining of swampland in the nile delta
Osiris
the god of the afterlife, the underworld and the dead, He was classically depicted as a green-skinned man with a pharaoh’s beard, partially mummy-wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail.With the rise of the cult of Osiris during the Middle Kingdom the “democratization of religion” offered to even his humblest followers the prospect of eternal life, with moral fitness becoming the dominant factor in determining a person’s suitability.
Significance of rivers to civilization (river project)
abundance, mobility, trade, morale
Shang Dynasty
16th century bce. cap anyang, north of yellow river. diviniation, agriculutral, ruled by aristocrats (war), king, aristocrats, protection, king intermediary between heaven and earth,
Confucius
Lu, 551 bc. political and social philosifoer. concentrate on ordering the affairs of this world. dao, the way. duty, compassion
Legalism
inherently bad, only follow rules if coerced by harsh laws and stiff punishments. officials cound not be trusted. human effort should be channeled into building up of the state.
Daoism
LAO TZU. not action, but inaction. act spontaneously and let nature take its course.
Qin Shihuangdi
chest of bird, voice of jackal, heart of a tiger. defeated the divided states of the remnants of the Zhou dynasty to create the QIN dynsaty. centralized government, legalism, book burning, standardized money and writing systems,
Harrapan Society
A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture is evident in the Indus Valley Civilization making them the first urban centres in the region. The quality of municipal town planning suggests the knowledge of urban planning and efficient municipal governments which placed a high priority on hygiene, or, alternatively, accessibility to the means of religious ritual.
Caste system (Varnas)
social stratification, rigid social groups, priests, warriors, traders, workmen, untouchables
Siddhartha Gautama
he becomes buddha, develops the middle way, creates 4 noble truths. dukkah. born noble, leaves to seek enlightenment , @ 29
4 noble truths
1) truth of the dukkah, there will be pain and suffering, 2) origin, ignorance from suffering 3) sessation of the dukka, rid of craving, 4) path to sessation
Ashoka Maurya
india, son of bin du sara, all into war, felt remorse for the destruction of war, banned all violence. becomes a king. first king to do conservation laws. kings of large section of inda.
Olmecs
yucatan peninsula, rubber lines, huge collassall heads, ritual blood letting, invented zero concept.
Teotihuacan
main cities of the olmecs, under 200k, ruled by religion, influence aztec city,
blood letting rituals
sacrifice to gods, spikes, no actual artistic representation, leads us to believe
Mesoamerican ballgame
since 1400 bc, human sacrifice, hip most popular, proxy for warfare
Mexica/Aztecs
people that founded mexico city, captial of the aztecs. eagle on cactus with snake. super powerful, triple alliance with texcoco and tlacopan, conquered by cortez in 1521
Life of Mohammed
founder of islam, married wealthy merchant, there were prophecies about his birth, final prophet of islam, revelations in the quʻran, speaks with gabriel.
Khadija
mohammads wife. wealthy merchant. key aspect in the islamic religion. convinced mohammed to preach. she saw that he was going to be influential.
5 pillars of faith
profession of faith, prayer 5, alms giving, fasting during ramadan, sun up to sun down, holy pilgrimage
Caliph Abu Bakr
mohammeds right hand man, trusted advisor, mohammeds successor, rashdun caliph ʻguidedʻ, help to build islam bigger
Life in Sparta
boys taken at young age 7, military training, women have power at home, married at 20, home at 30. 60 retire. 2 kings. 5 ephors, council of elders. 2 kings, 28 elders.
Persian Wars
persian and greeks. persian king darius attacked the ionian city states. revolted with the aid of athens. they couldnt fight back. persians fight against mainland greeks. thermopaley, 9000 vs 100k. betrayed by a greek trader.
Delian League
defensive alliance. each country pays into the treasury. defends itself against persia.
Peloponnesian War
sparta and allies against athenia. athens takes over the treasury of the delian league, take power. 25 years. athens behind the gate.
Alexander of Macedon
father was kings of macedonia.
Plato’s Allegory of the Cave
a
Punic Wars
3 wars. rome vs carthiginians, rome built a navy, defeated carthiginias in sicily, final struggle w/ carthage. salted everything.
Gracchus Brothers
tiberious, gaius. take the land and spread among the people who had no land. they were assasinated
Julius Caesar
part of triumvirate, 3 headed dragon, julian calendar, fall of the republic and the roman empire. 44 bc, 23 times stabbed.
Paul of Tarsus
born saul. hes roman. preach to jews and gentiles.
Constantine
first christian emporer of rome, baptised before death, edict of milan chirstianity now. 313.
Crusades
series of holy wars, christians against muslims trying to reclaim the holy lands, byzantine emporer asks for help against the turks. pope urban says ok, muslims in palestine and jerusalem, all were failures except the first
Black Death
2 plagues, bubonic, numonic plagues, china, traders and merchants into italy, 4 years, takes half population of europe, spread by rats who had fleas, fleas infected with bacteria, 38/75 million dead
Renaissance art and philosophy
individuality of man, well rounded, centered on christianity, humanism, learn about the goodness of man, learn more about the sciences, centering back on ancient greece and rome. naturalism, emulate nature, humans focus of attention.
Tang poetry, Ming Huang
dao - carefree, confucian - ethical.
Buddhism in China and Asia
comes from india, brought over by traders and merchants, two most popular pure land buddism (commoners), zen (by aristocrats)
Chinggis Khan
father was killed, united mongol tribes, charismatic natural born leader, yellow sea to the caspian sea,
Art and literature in Medieval Japan
gardens extention of nature, buildings flow with nature, art heavily influenced by china, influenced by zen buddism, bonzai plant, japan adopts chinese language (characters) [mediation alone, vs. duty]
