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English Crit. Theories and Methods > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

langue (SC)

A

the structure of language

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2
Q

parole (SC)

A

individual utterances of speech or words

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3
Q

difference (SC)

A

our ability to understand the differences between binary oppositions

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4
Q

the center (DC)

A

a fixed point of origin which governs and is governed by the structures rules

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5
Q

discourse (DC)

A

the history of how things are talked about

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6
Q

emplotment (HC)

A

historical narratives are produced similarly to literary ones, along various recognizable plot lines
winners write history

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7
Q

discourse (HC)

A

a social language created by particular cultural conditions in certain times and places
same as an ideology

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8
Q

literary works (HC)

A

cultural artifacts

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9
Q

fair copy (TM)

A

closest text to the author’s original work/intention

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10
Q

ur text (TM)

A

copy that gets sent to printer(?)

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11
Q

ideological state apparatuses (MC)

A 
prosocial structures, often supported by the state, that enforces capitalist ideologies
ex: education, patriotism, free market, culture
one of the ways the ruling class reproduces the conditions of production
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12
Q

base (MC)

A

means of production and the relations of productions

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13
Q

superstructure (MC)

A

ideology: art, family, culture, religion, law, media, etc.

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14
Q

bourgeoisie (MC)

A 
upper class
control the means of production
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15
Q

proletariat (MC)

A

working class

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16
Q

ideology (MC)

A

ways of thinking that pose as natural ways of seeing the world, while shoring up capitalist power

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17
Q

commodity (MC)

A

things that have exchange or sign exchange value, or symbolic capital

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18
Q

commodification (MC)

A

relating people or things in terms of their exchange value

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19
Q

exchange value (MC)

A

what the market determines a object to be worth

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20
Q

sign exchange value (MC)

A 
symbolic capital: has status or class meaning, that is not necessarily equal to its exchange value
ex: Gucci shoelaces
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21
Q

intentional fallacy (NC)

A

the mistaken belief that the authors intention is the same thing as the text’s meaning

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22
Q

affective fallacy (NC)

A

confusing the text with its affects, or the emotions it produces. this leads to impressionistic responses and relativism

23
Q

formal elements (NC)

A

the evidence provided by the text: its images, symbols, metaphors, rhyme, meter, point of view, setting, characterization, and plot which form the literary work

24
Q

heresy of paraphrase (NC)

A

the meaning of a poem could not be explained simply by paraphrasing it; change one line, one image, one word of the poem, and you have a different poem

25
literary language (NC)
depends on connotation, is expressive, and creates an aesthetic experience, a world of its own
26
connotation (NC)
the implication, association, suggestion, and evocation of meanings and of shades of meanings
27
denotation (NC)
the one-to-one correspondence between words and the objects or ideas they represent
28
organic unity (NC)
the working together of all parts to make an inseparable whole
29
paradox (NC)
a statement that seems self-contradictory but represents the actual way things are many of life's spiritual and psychological realities are paradoxical in nature
30
irony (NC)
a statement or event undermined by the context in which it occurs indicates a texts inclusion of varying perspectives on the same characters or events; the text's own internal irony protects it from the external irony of the reader's disbelief
31
ambiguity (NC)
occurs when a word, image, or event generates two or more different meanings; considered a source of richness, depth, and complexity that add's to the texts value
32
tension (NC)
the linking together of opposites; created by the integration of the abstract and the concrete
33
concrete universals (NC)
images and fictional characters that are meaningful on both the concrete levels and on the symbolic level
34
close reading (NC)
the scrupulous examination of the complex relationship between a text's formal elements and its theme
35
structure (SC)
conceptual frameworks that we use to organize and understand physical entities
36
sign (SC)
combination of a signified and signifier
37
signified (SC)
the concept that is indicated by the signifier
38
signifier (SC)
the image, word, etc that indicates the signified
39
binary oppositions (SC)
two ideas, directly opposed, each of which we understand by means of its opposition to the other ex: good v. evil, black v. white
40
sign systems (SC)
linguistic or nonlinguistic object or behavior that can be analyzed as if it were a specialized language
41
index (SC)
a sign in which the signifier has a concrete, causal relationship to the signified ex: smoke signifies fire
42
icon (SC)
a sign in which the signifier physically resembles the signified ex: image of a dog signifies a dog
43
symbol (SC)
the relationship between the signifier and signified is neither natural nor necessary, but arbitrary ex: the word tree signifies a tree
44
semiotic codes (SC)
the underlying structural components that carry a nonverbal cultural message of some sort
45
mythos of summer (SC)
the ideal world, which is better than the real world, is the world of innocence plentitude, and fulfillment associated with romance and adventure
46
mythos of winter (SC)
the real world - the world of experience, uncertainty, and failure associated with irony (tragic lens) and satire (comic lens)
47
mythos of autumn (SC)
movement from the ideal world to the real world; from innocence to experience associated with tragedy
48
mythos of spring (SC)
a movement from the real world to the ideal; from experience to innocence associated with comedy
49
theory of myths (SC)
a theory of genres that seeks the structural principles underlying the Western literary tradition: summer, winter, autumn, spring together, the genres form a master plot, which is the structure of the quest
50
archetype (SC)
any recurring image, character type, plot formula, or pattern of action
51
infinite sign deferral (DC)
the idea that signifiers have infinite signifieds
52
ideologies (DC)
systems of beliefs and values
53
circulation through exchange (HC)
(1) the exchange of material goods through buying and selling, bartering, gambling, taxation, charity, and theft (2) the exchange of people through marriage, adoption, kidnapping, and slavery (3) the exchange of ideas through various discourses
54
culture (HC)
a process not a product; a lived experience not a fixed definition

English Crit. Theories and Methods (2 decks)

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