Key Terms Flashcards
WHO definition, social epidemiology, incidence, prevalence, validity, reliability, precision, accuracy
What does PICO stand for?
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
What is the WHO definition of epidemiology?
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the population of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems.
What is the definition of social epidemiology?
The study of the social distribution and social determinants of health, that is, both specific features of and pathways by which societal conditions affect health.
What is a study factor?
- An independent variable
- EXPOSURE
What is an outcome factor?
- A dependent variable
- OUTCOME
- Disease
When studying whether eating pizza once a week for 10 years is associated with the development of lung cancer, identify the STUDY factor…
Eating pizza once a week for 10 years
When studying whether eating pizza once a week for 10 years is associated with the development of lung cancer, identify the OUTCOME factor…
Developing lung cancer
Define ‘incidence,’ including the formula…
Incidence quantifies NEW cases, i.e. new cases of a disease.
Incidence rate = # NEW cases / Total # Person Time
Define ‘prevalence,’ including the formula…
Prevalence quantifies EXISTING cases, i.e. old and new cases of disease.
Prevalence rate = (#old + #new cases) / Total population
List, from lowest to highest, the hierarchy of evidence…
Case report > Case series > Cross-sectional > Case-control > Cohort > RCT > Systematic reviews & Meta-analysis
The degree to which a measurement represents the true value of something, i.e. how close a measurement is to the true value is called?
Accuracy.
The degree of resemblance among study results, were the study to be repeated under similar circumstances, i.e. how close the measurements are to each other is called?
Precision.
The extent to which the study measures what it is intended to measure, i.e. are the values describing what was supposed to be measured?
Validity.
A measure of how consistent an observation is when repeated. It refers to the measuring procedure rather than to the attribute being measured, i.e. will one get the same values if the measurements are repeated?
Reliability.
