Key terms

Question 1

Physical repair

Answer 1

Returning the body to a normal, healthy state

Question 2

Slow wave sleep

Answer 2

A type of deep sleep where brain activity is slow

Question 3

Emotional stability

Answer 3

Feeling normal and psychologically healthy

Question 4

Sleep stages

Answer 4

Distinct periods of sleep which make up a cycle

Question 5

REM

Answer 5

A stage at the end of the sleep cycle where sleepers’ eyes jerk and brain activity is high, leading to more dreaming in this stage than others

Question 6

Endogenous pacemakers

Answer 6

Internal biological clocks that manage bodily rhythms

Question 7

Exogenous zeitgebers

Answer 7

Features of the environment - either physical or social that help to manage bodily rhythms

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

A part of the brain that controls a number of key bodily functions

Question 9

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 9

A part of the brain that regulates circadian rhythms

Question 10

Melatonin

Answer 10

A hormone released in the brain that is responsible for regulating sleep

Question 11

Pineal gland

Answer 11

An endocrine gland, found in the brain, which produces melatonin

Question 12

Sleep disorders

Answer 12

Behaviours which affect the normal patterns of sleep

Question 13

Sleep onset insomnia

Answer 13

Problems falling asleep

Question 14

Sleep maintenance insomnia

Answer 14

Problems staying asleep

Question 15

Freudian theory

Answer 15

A theory that looks at behaviour as a product of the dynamics of different parts of the personality

Question 16

Unconscious mind

Answer 16

The part of the mind that people are not aware of but holds thoughts and memories

Question 17

Repression

Answer 17

The process of pushing unpleasant thoughts and experiences into the unconscious mind

Question 18

Wish fulfilment

Answer 18

Satisfying urges and desires

Question 19

Dreams

Answer 19

A series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person’s mind during sleep

Question 20

Manifest content

Answer 20

What is actually experienced in a dream in terms of visual, auditory and other information

Question 21

Latent content

Answer 21

The true meaning of a dream that is hidden in the manifest content

Question 22

Activation synthesis theory

Answer 22

An explanation of dreams that focuses on the random activation of neurons and the brain’s efforts to make sense of this through synthesis

Question 23

Pons

Answer 23

A part of the brain that operates as a message station

Question 24

Brainstem

Answer 24

The central trunk of the brain that continues down to the spinal cord

Question 25

Synthesise

Answer 25

To make sense of and give meanings to dreams

Question 26

Insomnia

Answer 26

Inability to get asleep or stay asleep

Question 27

Sleep hygiene

Answer 27

Strategies that support a good night’s sleep

Question 28

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 28

A division of the nervous system that controls the fight or flight response when faced with stress

Question 29

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

A division of the nervous system that regulates organ and gland functions during rest, and counters the response of the sympathetic nervous system