Key Terms Flashcards
chest pain, dizziness (or syncope), and heart failure.
- -systolic murmur
- -delayed carotid pulses
- -S4 gallop
Aortic valve stenosis
Fever, periumbilical or epigastric pain, and elevation in lipase.
Hx: alcohol use, gallstones, or triglycerides
pancreatitis
(1) Hypertension
(2) bradycardia
(3) irregular respirations
Cushing’s triad
Elevated intracranial pressure
Also: HA, vomiting, reduced level of consciousness
sx of right sided heart failure with increased jugular venous pressure, abdominal ascites, and lower extremity edema.
- -parasternal lift due to right ventricular enlargement
- -holosystolic murmur that increases with inspiration
hx: carcinoid syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, secondary hemodynamic load on the right ventricle)
tricuspid valve regurgitation
EKG in cor pumonale
right ventricular hypertrophy
Epitheliod granulomas in the bowel wall or lymph nodes (GI)
Crohn dx
Elderly patient+pneumonia+hoarse voice
chlamydophila pneumoniae
What class of drugs are contraindicated in fungal infection?
steroids
(1) Allergic rhinitis
(2) atopic dermatitis
(3) asthma
atopic triad
Inflammatory bowel dx, usually affects distal (terminal) ileum and colon, but can affect any part of GI tract
Crohn dx
(1) Distended neck veins
(2) distant heart sounds
(3) hypotension
Beck’s triad
Cardiac tamponade
“skip lesions” or “cobblestone” appearance (GI)
Crohn dx
Age 30’s-40’s. Extreme exertion, excitement, or fever provokes signs/symptoms of orthopnea and edema.
- -diastolic “rumbling” murmur with an opening snap
- -hx of rheumatic fever
mitral valve stenosis
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
cavitations, alcohol use
Smoking and alcohol consumption and esophageal cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
(1) Abdominal pain (RUQ)
(2) jaundice
(3) fever
PENTAD: (4) septic shock
PENTAD: (5) mental confusion
Ascending cholangitis
Propranolol (and other non-selective beta blockers) are contraindicated in what patient population?
asthmatics
can cause bronchospasm, increased bronchial obstruction, and reduced response to inhaled beta receptor agonists
fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and orthopnea
–holosystolic murmur with radiation to axilla
mitral valve regurgitation
most common exudative effusions
(1) malignancy
(2) rupture of esophagus
(3) acute pancreatitis
(4) bacterial pneumonia
(5) Pulmonary embolism
(6) viral infection
Colicky abdominal pain with findings of abdominal distension, tympany to percussion, and high-pitched bowel sounds
SBO
Pneumonia that occurs as a secondary infection after a case of influenza
staphylococcus aureus
(1) venous stasis
(2) hypercoagulability
(3) vascular injury
Virchow’s triad
Venous thromboembolism
Inflammatory bowel dx; inflammation is NOT transmural, is generally contiguous, and affects predominantly the colon
DX OF COLON AND RECTUM ONLY
Ulcerative colitis
Dry hacking cough; typically presents 1-2 weeks after starting this medication for blood pressure
ACE-Inhibitors
-PRIL, like lisinopril
Associated with ulcerative colitis–auto immune dx characterized by destruction of both the intra- and extra-hepatic biliary ducts –>liver failure
primary sclerosing cholangitis
Upper v. lower GI limit
Ligament of Treitz (duodenum)
Barrett’s esophagus results in what form of cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
dyspnea, chest pain, and an uncomfortable awareness of the heartbeat and palpitations (“forceful heartbeat”)
- -widened pulse pressure
- -corrigan pulse “water hammer”
- -bobbing motion of head w/ each heartbeat
- -diastolic murmur
hx: congenital/endocarditis/collagen vascular dx
aortic valve regurgitation
tx for esophageal varices
octreotide
vasoconstriction
H.Pylori
PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin
Abdominal pain out of proportion to exam (patient in considerable distress, but abdomen is soft with no guarding or rebound, and absence of bowel sounds)
Mesenteric ischemia
Most common transudative effusions
(1) heart failure (most common)
(2) cirrhosis w/ascites
(3) hypoalbuminemia (nephrotic syndrome)
