Key Terms Flashcards
Outcome Research
Systematic measurement of patient or service results
Data Collector
An individual PT who has regular contact with patients and who documents process of service delivery.
Documentation
Process or products of recording the status, clinical decision-making, and the provision of health services.
Cohort Data
Measurements taken from a group of patients with similar characteristics
Retrospective Chart Review
Process of harvesting selected data from patient charts or files after patient has discontinued services
Healthcare Outcomes
Results of patient of health delivery.
Therapeutic Indicators
Observations of patient characteristics; used by clinicians to determine the impact of interventions
Episode of Intervention
Services provided without interruption for a patient condition or problem, generally marked by an initial evaluation at the start and discharge summary at the end
Patient Outcomes
Changes in the consequences of illness or injury that occur as a result of intervention and that are meaningful to the patient
Outcomes Measures
Wide variety of objective processes or tools used to measure patient status over time
Fix-it Approach
A stereotype of practice in which the focus of care is on curing, alleviating, or modifying patient problems and using normal health as the standard for comparison
Meaningful Result
Relevance to at least two people or parties
Evaluate-and-Treat Approach
Approach to patient care that is oriented toward the identification of impairments and/or deviations from normal function and the linking of these deviations to interventions that can address them
Intervention
Any process or activity that occurs to or on behalf of a patient; may include direct or hands-on treatment, patient education, adaptation of the environment or of equipment
Outcome Approach
Approach to patient care in which meaningful goals are identified and resources and interventions are selected to manage the patient toward those goals
Predict and Manage
Result of care or the outcome is predicted before the intervention begins, and the clinician manages the available resources and interventions toward achieving the goal
Reflective Practitioner
Someone who continually evaluates his or her effectiveness as a PT
Theory
Description of the relationships among concepts, structures, or phenomena
Model
Graphic or physical representation of a theory
Impairments
Loss or abnormality at the tissue or organ level resulting in changes such as limited ROM, decreases in strength or endurance, and postural malalignment
Functional Limitations
Loss of the ability to perform tasks or activities
Disability
Lost ability to perform a skill in an environment
Handicap
Term from 1980 used in reference to the activities and roles a person could not perform
Social/Role Limitations
Loss of ability to fulfill personal and societal roles
Participation
Ability to fulfill personal and societal roles
Inputs
Characteristics or variables that define a particular service setting
Processes
Activities/services that patients or providers participate in
Outcomes
Meaningful results following an episode of intervention
Model
Graphic or physical representation of a theory
Functional outcomes
Measure of the patient’s ability to perform the tasks of everyday living following an episode of intervention.
Provider outcomes
Results of service delivery activities, whether the provider is an individual or a group, that are meaningful for the providing clinicians. Include service consistency, intervention effectiveness, percent of patient satisfaction, knowledge and impairment changes.
Service outcomes
Results of the delivery of services within an institution, among similar institutions, or across larger heatlh-care systems. Include overall patient satisfaction, utilization, variability in care, service costs, profits per diagnosis, staff retention and access, reimbursement patterns, referral rates, accreditation status, comparisons of similar variables with other types of healthcare systems.
Quality of life
A person’s assessment of satisfaction with life. Includes work, health, social life, community comfort, academic success and financial status.
Health related quality of life
Multidimensional assessment of life satisfaction as it relates to the person’s state of health and the societal expectations of people who do or do not have disabilities. Items asked differ based on diagnostic grouping, age of patients, societal and cultural expectations.
Medical effectiveness
Extent to which a medical intervention is able to cure a disease or condition.
Patient satisfaction
Patient’s perceptions of the care he/she has received.
Service satisfaction
A patient’s perceptions of satisfaction derived from interacting with a service provider. Cannot be separated from the place it occurs or the person who provides the service.
Technical satisfaction
Patient’s perceptions that the provider is knowledgeable and able to perform the necessary examination, evaluation, and treatment procedures in a comfortable and efficient way. This is a type of service satisfaction.
Humaneness satisfaction
Patient’s perception of the provider’s warmth, caring, willingness to listen, appropriateness of nonverbal and verbal behaviors, and respect for the patient.
Good Satisfaction
Satisfaction with a product or item that can be used regardless of where it is produced. Easier to access goods satisfaction > service satisfaction.
Access satisfaction
Perceptions of the convenience with which services are scheduled, the hours of service, the distance to service, and perceived availability.
Atmospherics
Perceptions of the environment in which services are delivered. Issues may include organization, crowding, perceptions of how an office is supposed to look, and how expensive the furnishings look.
Mortality
Rate of death
Morbidity
Ratio of sick to well in a community or to the frequency of complications that follows a medical intervention.
Cost effectiveness
Comparison of the cost to produce the same outcome by similar providers or service delivery systems. The provider that costs the least to achieve the same outcome is the most cost-effective.
Cost benefit
Positive benefits of providing services relative to the cost or negative aspects of providing the service.
Cost utility
Estimates of patient preferences for different health states relative to the length and quality of life and available interventions.
Unit cost
Cost to produce or deliver one unit or a product or service; incorporates both direct and indirect costs of production
Normative standard
Observations or measurements that reflect the normal distribution of a characteristic in the general population. Compare the patient to a gold standard or a healthy, age-matched cohort.
Relative standard
Observations or measurements that reflect changes based on initial measurements and where the starting or ending points may be different for each person. Use the patient as their own measure of success. Clinician compares the patient’s perception of what is acceptable/desirable with the patient’s current status.
Criterion reference
Observations or measurements that reflect the patient’s performance of an activity as compared with a task analysis of that activity.
QALY
Assessment of duration of life weighed against the quality of that life. Do this by plotting HRQOL vs. time.
Q-Twist
Quality-adjusted Time Without Symptoms and Toxicities; a quality-adjusted survival analysis. Estimated survival time is adjusted according to the QOL experienced.
Patient
Consumer of rehabilitation outcome data. Participate in determining meaningful outcomes for intervention.
Clinical settings
The business structure that provides healthcare services.
Family
The people who interact daily with a patient and who may be providers of physical, emotional or financial support.
What do Health care agencies rely on outcome data for?
Government agencies and private insurance programs rely heavily on outcome data (or their absence) to make management policy decisions
Special interest groups: what are they interested in? What do their services support? what outcome data are they interested in?
Interested in trends and intervention outcomes. Their services support individual patients and their family systems. Interested in outcome data based on larger samples of people with similar diagnoses or levels of disability.