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AS Philosophy And Ethics > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Rationalism

A

Belief that all human knowledge is derived from reason

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2
Q

Empiricism

A

Believe that all knowledge is derived from the senses experience and observation

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3
Q

Revelation

A

The primary source of knowledge of the world is revealed by God through human encounters with God

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4
Q

Theory of the forms

A

World of perfect versions of things in the world of appearances

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5
Q

Form of the good

A

The highest of all the forms

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6
Q

Concept/ideal

A

The perfect form of something e.g. an ideal/form of a horse

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7
Q

Phenomena/particular

A

What we see in the world .things based on the forms

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8
Q

Form (Aristotle)

A

Characteristics and shape of something

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9
Q

Material cause

A

What something is made of

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10
Q

efficient cause

A

Who made the object/who made it possible

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11
Q

Formal cause

A

Characteristics and shape

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12
Q

Final cause

A

Purpose of object (Telos)

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13
Q

Prime mover

A

Final cause of motus

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14
Q

Telos

A

End result purpose

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15
Q

Transcendent

A

Separate from the world and distinct

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16
Q

Immutable

A

Cannot change

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17
Q

Motus

A

Motion and change

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18
Q

Body/soul distinction

A

Idea of “what makes me,me?”

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19
Q

Dualism

A

The belief that the body and the soul are seperate elements

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20
Q

Substance Dualism

A

The belief that humans are completely different substances

21
Q

Monism

A

They belief that humans are only one substance

22
Q

Materialism

A

The only substance is a material (physical) one

23
Q

Replica theory

A

A thought experiment based on a soft material list

24
Q

Theistic monism

A

Someone who is a complex integrated psycho-physical system .you need everything: memories, personality etc. (Hick)

25
Q

“Soul one” dawkins

A

Non material life force “mystic jelly” killed off by science

26
Q

“Soul two” dawkins

A

Intellect, reason or conciousness

27
Q

Identity theory

A

All mental activity is centred in the brain and is purely physical

28
Q

God of classical theism

A

Qualities of all knowing, all loving, all powerful

29
Q

God of deism

A

Creates the world and leaves it to itself. like winding a watch and walking away

30
Q

A posteriori

A

Argument of knowledge from experience and sense and observational evidence

31
Q

Teleological argument

A

Argument for the existence of God starting with observed design

32
Q

Cosmological argument

A

Argument for the existence of God based on observations from existence of the universe

33
Q

Infinite regress

A

A chain of events going backwards forever

34
Q

Contingent

A

Depends on something else for it to existence. Can cease to exist

35
Q

Necessary

A

Cannot not exist. Holds the reason for it being within

36
Q

Design qua purpose

A

Design relating to purpose

37
Q

Design qua regularity

A

Design as relating to the regular cycles and natural laws of the world

38
Q

Evolution/natural selection

A

The process in nature where organisms best adapted to their environment survive and pass on their genetic characteristics while those is less adapted tend to be eliminated

39
Q

Epicurean hypothesis

A

Given infinite particles and infinite time eventually order would form

40
Q

fallacy of composition

A

What is observed about the part cannot be assumed for the whole

41
Q

A priori

A

Using knowledge that existed before we came into being

42
Q

Principle of sufficient reason

A

A full and complete explanation (Leibniz)

43
Q

William James’s definition for religious experience

A

The feelings, acts and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehended themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine

44
Q

Aquinas way one

A

Motus

45
Q

Aquinas way two

A

Cause

46
Q

Aquinas way 3

A

Contingent and necess

47
Q

Aquinas way 5

A

Telos/purpose

48
Q

What is an analytical argument

A

A statement that contains the truth needed to verify it within the statement itself

49
Q

Logical fallacy

A

logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.

AS Philosophy And Ethics (2 decks)

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