Key Terms Flashcards
Rationalism
Belief that all human knowledge is derived from reason
Empiricism
Believe that all knowledge is derived from the senses experience and observation
Revelation
The primary source of knowledge of the world is revealed by God through human encounters with God
Theory of the forms
World of perfect versions of things in the world of appearances
Form of the good
The highest of all the forms
Concept/ideal
The perfect form of something e.g. an ideal/form of a horse
Phenomena/particular
What we see in the world .things based on the forms
Form (Aristotle)
Characteristics and shape of something
Material cause
What something is made of
efficient cause
Who made the object/who made it possible
Formal cause
Characteristics and shape
Final cause
Purpose of object (Telos)
Prime mover
Final cause of motus
Telos
End result purpose
Transcendent
Separate from the world and distinct
Immutable
Cannot change
Motus
Motion and change
Body/soul distinction
Idea of “what makes me,me?”
Dualism
The belief that the body and the soul are seperate elements
Substance Dualism
The belief that humans are completely different substances
Monism
They belief that humans are only one substance
Materialism
The only substance is a material (physical) one
Replica theory
A thought experiment based on a soft material list
Theistic monism
Someone who is a complex integrated psycho-physical system .you need everything: memories, personality etc. (Hick)
“Soul one” dawkins
Non material life force “mystic jelly” killed off by science
“Soul two” dawkins
Intellect, reason or conciousness
Identity theory
All mental activity is centred in the brain and is purely physical
God of classical theism
Qualities of all knowing, all loving, all powerful
God of deism
Creates the world and leaves it to itself. like winding a watch and walking away
A posteriori
Argument of knowledge from experience and sense and observational evidence
Teleological argument
Argument for the existence of God starting with observed design
Cosmological argument
Argument for the existence of God based on observations from existence of the universe
Infinite regress
A chain of events going backwards forever
Contingent
Depends on something else for it to existence. Can cease to exist
Necessary
Cannot not exist. Holds the reason for it being within
Design qua purpose
Design relating to purpose
Design qua regularity
Design as relating to the regular cycles and natural laws of the world
Evolution/natural selection
The process in nature where organisms best adapted to their environment survive and pass on their genetic characteristics while those is less adapted tend to be eliminated
Epicurean hypothesis
Given infinite particles and infinite time eventually order would form
fallacy of composition
What is observed about the part cannot be assumed for the whole
A priori
Using knowledge that existed before we came into being
Principle of sufficient reason
A full and complete explanation (Leibniz)
William James’s definition for religious experience
The feelings, acts and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehended themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine
Aquinas way one
Motus
Aquinas way two
Cause
Aquinas way 3
Contingent and necess
Aquinas way 5
Telos/purpose
What is an analytical argument
A statement that contains the truth needed to verify it within the statement itself
Logical fallacy
logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.
