Key Terms

Question 1

Rationalism

Answer 1

Belief that all human knowledge is derived from reason

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

Believe that all knowledge is derived from the senses experience and observation

Question 3

Revelation

Answer 3

The primary source of knowledge of the world is revealed by God through human encounters with God

Question 4

Theory of the forms

Answer 4

World of perfect versions of things in the world of appearances

Question 5

Form of the good

Answer 5

The highest of all the forms

Question 6

Concept/ideal

Answer 6

The perfect form of something e.g. an ideal/form of a horse

Question 7

Phenomena/particular

Answer 7

What we see in the world .things based on the forms

Question 8

Form (Aristotle)

Answer 8

Characteristics and shape of something

Question 9

Material cause

Answer 9

What something is made of

Question 10

efficient cause

Answer 10

Who made the object/who made it possible

Question 11

Formal cause

Answer 11

Characteristics and shape

Question 12

Final cause

Answer 12

Purpose of object (Telos)

Question 13

Prime mover

Answer 13

Final cause of motus

Question 14

Telos

Answer 14

End result purpose

Question 15

Transcendent

Answer 15

Separate from the world and distinct

Question 16

Immutable

Answer 16

Cannot change

Question 17

Motus

Answer 17

Motion and change

Question 18

Body/soul distinction

Answer 18

Idea of “what makes me,me?”

Question 19

Dualism

Answer 19

The belief that the body and the soul are seperate elements

Question 20

Substance Dualism

Answer 20

The belief that humans are completely different substances

Question 21

Monism

Answer 21

They belief that humans are only one substance

Question 22

Materialism

Answer 22

The only substance is a material (physical) one

Question 23

Replica theory

Answer 23

A thought experiment based on a soft material list

Question 24

Theistic monism

Answer 24

Someone who is a complex integrated psycho-physical system .you need everything: memories, personality etc. (Hick)

Question 25

"Soul one" dawkins

Answer 25

Non material life force "mystic jelly" killed off by science

Question 26

"Soul two" dawkins

Answer 26

Intellect, reason or conciousness

Question 27

Identity theory

Answer 27

All mental activity is centred in the brain and is purely physical

Question 28

God of classical theism

Answer 28

Qualities of all knowing, all loving, all powerful

Question 29

God of deism

Answer 29

Creates the world and leaves it to itself. like winding a watch and walking away

Question 30

A posteriori

Answer 30

Argument of knowledge from experience and sense and observational evidence

Question 31

Teleological argument

Answer 31

Argument for the existence of God starting with observed design

Question 32

Cosmological argument

Answer 32

Argument for the existence of God based on observations from existence of the universe

Question 33

Infinite regress

Answer 33

A chain of events going backwards forever

Question 34

Contingent

Answer 34

Depends on something else for it to existence. Can cease to exist

Question 35

Necessary

Answer 35

Cannot not exist. Holds the reason for it being within

Question 36

Design qua purpose

Answer 36

Design relating to purpose

Question 37

Design qua regularity

Answer 37

Design as relating to the regular cycles and natural laws of the world

Question 38

Evolution/natural selection

Answer 38

The process in nature where organisms best adapted to their environment survive and pass on their genetic characteristics while those is less adapted tend to be eliminated

Question 39

Epicurean hypothesis

Answer 39

Given infinite particles and infinite time eventually order would form

Question 40

fallacy of composition

Answer 40

What is observed about the part cannot be assumed for the whole

Question 41

A priori

Answer 41

Using knowledge that existed before we came into being

Question 42

Principle of sufficient reason

Answer 42

A full and complete explanation (Leibniz)

Question 43

William James's definition for religious experience

Answer 43

The feelings, acts and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehended themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine

Question 44

Aquinas way one

Answer 44

Motus

Question 45

Aquinas way two

Answer 45

Cause

Question 46

Aquinas way 3

Answer 46

Contingent and necess

Question 47

Aquinas way 5

Answer 47

Telos/purpose

Question 48

What is an analytical argument

Answer 48

A statement that contains the truth needed to verify it within the statement itself

Question 49

Logical fallacy

Answer 49

logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.