Key Terms 6

Question 1

A collection of connected IP routing prefixes under the control of one or more network operators that presents a common, clearly defined routing policy to the Internet. They are uniquely identified as individual networks on the Internet.

Answer 1

Autonomous system (AS)

Question 2

A routing protocol that calculates paths based on the distance (or number of hops) and a vector (a direction).

Answer 2

Distance-vector routing protocol

Question 3

A routing protocol used in packet switching networks where each router constructs a map of the connectivity within the network and calculates the best logical paths, which form its routing table.

Answer 3

Link-state routing protocol

Question 4

The protocol that carries out core routing decisions on the Internet. It maintains a table of IP networks, or “prefixes,” which designate network reachability among autonomous systems (ASs).

Answer 4

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Question 5

This takes place when an attacker captures packets at one location in the network and tunnels them to another location in the network for a second attacker to use against a target system.

Answer 5

Wormhole attack

Question 6

A network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet LAN and allows redundant links to be available in case connection links go down.

Answer 6

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Question 7

Allows a sender of a packet to specify the route the packet takes through the network versus routers determining the path.

Answer 7

Source routing

Question 8

A networking technology that directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table.

Answer 8

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Question 9

A group of hosts that communicate as if they were attached to the same broadcast domain, regardless of their physical location. BLANK membership can be configured through software instead of physically relocating devices or connections, which allows for easier centralized management.

Answer 9

Virtual local area network (VLAN)

Question 10

An exploit that allows an attacker on a VLAN to gain access to traffic on other VLANs that would normally not be accessible.

Answer 10

VLAN hopping

Question 11

A telephone exchange that serves a particular business, makes connections among the internal telephones, and connects them to the public-switched telephone network (PSTN) via trunk lines.

Answer 11

Private Branch Exchange (PBX)