Key Terms Flashcards by Rachel Milner

Middle Passage

Atlantic crossing from Africa to Americas, month long trip, extremely perilous and horrifying

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Racial slavery

turned into slavery based on race - VA passed laws

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Encomieda System

labor system, conquistadors ruling, natives and africans on lower levels, mixed families higher up

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House of Burgesses

Created by VA Company. Could make laws and levy taxes

Governor and company in England could veto actions

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Frontier of exclusion vs. inclusion

Inclusion- spain, france, netherlands
mixed caste society
Exclusion- england
pushed away or killed

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New Spain territories

CA, mexico, NM, TX, FL, Cuba, Puerto Rico, AZ

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England territories

NORTHERN:
NE: Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island
Chesapeake: Virginia, Maryland
MIDDLE: New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and PA
SOUTHERN: VA, MA, SC/NC, GA
Caribbean: Jamaica, Barbados

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New Netherland territories

new york, st. eustatius

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New France territories

area from st. lawrence river through Great Lakes and down mississippi river
St. Kitts, Haiti

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Chesapeake colonies locations

VA, MA

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Pequot War

Puritans allied w other Indian groups
Massacred intentionally
in VA
Showed shocking level of no mercy
Europeans wanted to make an example of them

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John Winthrop sermon

emotion
against predestination more
almost scared people into believing again
wanted to move away from secularism

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Three people who were banished from Puritan communities

Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson

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Middle Colony Life

Export economy flourished
Land taking from natives
European migrants held tightly to traditions (ethnically and culturally diverse communities)

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Caribbean

Cash crops

Hard labor - slavery

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Pietism and the Great Awakening

Christian movement originating in Germany emphasized pious behavior and emotional worship
revive doctrines of puritan ancestors
opposed age of reason
low classes found appealing

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Old Lights

old- opposed revivalism/emotional enthusiasm, challenged new ministers, opposed women speaking in church, opposed enlightenment

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Enlightenment

scientific revolution
made people question everything
eroded at power of church
wanted to reform church, gov, etc for better society
support for deism 
supported more "loving" God

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England middle colonies settlers

diverse (english/german quakers, dutch, french, scottish, irish) religious toleration
farming, trade, small # slaves, town meetings

Navigation Acts

colonial trade was making its way to other nations’ colonies, so introduced these acts
kept trade in English hands
many english merchants ignored them and continued trading w foreign merchants

Salutary neglect

economics- england did little to stop violations of navigation acts, as long as colonies sent raw materials, didn’t see need to keep close supervision
politics- board of trade created to oversee colonies, governors more loyal to colonies at this point (paid their salaries)

New lights

new- new ministry of evangelicals, challenged authority of established church, allowed women to speak in church, opposed enlightenment

New lights

new- new ministry of evangelicals, challenged authority of established church, allowed women to speak in church, opposed enlightenment

effects of Great Awakening

increase in new churches and denominations
bold confrontation of religious authority changed attitude towards authority in general
fostered national consciousness: all colonists shared this event in common

Both Great Awakening and Enlightenment,,,

caused people to question traditional authority stressed importance of individual increased ideas through print culture

Both Great Awakening and Enlightenment,,,

caused people to question traditional authority stressed importance of individual increased ideas through print culture

colonial identity (british) - economics

all regions - relative autonomy | often violate british laws

colonial identity (british)- culture

print culture bridges gaps between regions | enlightenment, great awakening, racial ideology, religious diversity create common consciousness

colonial identity (british)- politics

autonomous political communities based on english law, all property owning white men could vote

england's colonies developed...

taste for self-government, but were still loyal to the crown

england's colonies developed...

taste for self-government, but were still loyal to the crown

life in Maryland

porprietary colony religious toleration (so catholics could continue practicing) tobacco plantation colony w indentured servants

Stone Rebellion

Black uprising in SC that killed 45 whites | Largest uprising in British colonies

South Atlantic System

produces tropical/subtrop. products for an international market centered in West Indies SUGAR Dutch dominated the British took over

What stimulated british economy?

slave labor(free) and guns

British made huge metchant naval fleet.., which...

led the way for British navy supremacy

why sugar was so profitable

sugar cost high to buy, slave labor low price | exploitation

Southern Gentry

needed connections to become a part of it, planter merchants in VA were trapped by inferior Planters tried to model themselves like gentry (sophisticated lifestyles, educated children) colonial status, became self sufficient (how Chesapeake survived tobacco crash)

Indian War of 1622

Openchancanough opposed treaties and rules that Indian be brought up in Christian lifestyle Coordinated surprise attack (killed 1/3 english settlers) English fought back for a decade without peace

Revoked VAs charter to English colony after..

Indian War of 1622

Model for English royal colonies

appointed governor, elected assembly, formal legal system, Anglican church

Iroquois

Capitalize on location in NY to dominate region b/n French and English colonies Inflicted terror on neighbors Formed alliance w English against French (half king) French and Indian War

French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)

Ohio Valley Britain and France wanted it Half King allied w Britain

Roger William

Founded Rhode Island colony religious toleration no elected church questioned how Puritans treated NAs

NC vs SC

``` NC: poor families, former indentured servants - equality minded protestant sect - refused to work on large manors - insp. by bacons rebellion SC: - white settlers from Barbados - wanted to create slave hierarchy - based on slaves and plantations ```

SAS led to

salutary neglect (was so prosperous) coastal cities became thriving port cities

Post Glorious Revolution...,

English limited power of the crown, used Colonial Assemblies