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Sociology Key Terms AS > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Theory

A

A system of ideas intended to explain something

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2
Q

Anarchy/anomie

A

Absence of rules, laws, values, norms etc

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3
Q

Culture

A

The learned shared behaviour of members of a society

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4
Q

Socialisation

A

The process by which we learn the culture of our society

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5
Q

Norm

A

Something that is usual, typical or standard

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6
Q

Primary socialisation

A

Informal process through which we learn the norms, attitudes, values. Early childhood process

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7
Q

Secondary socialisation

A

Formal process through which you learn the culture of society

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8
Q

Socialisation Agencies

A

People you interact with formally and informally who influence our behaviour

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9
Q

Values

A

Beliefs that we have about what is important, both to us and to society as a whole

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10
Q

Role

A

The way someone is expected to behave in a particular social situation

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11
Q

Status

A

The level of respect we are expected to give to a person playing a particular role

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12
Q

Sanctions

A

Describes anything that encourages people to conform to norms

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13
Q

Ascribed status

A

A status assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life, that cannot be changed through individual effort or achievement

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14
Q

Achieved status

A

A status that is acquired as the result of personal accomplishment, serving as a reflection of ability and personal effort

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15
Q

Social order

A

An arrangement of practices and behaviours on which society’s members base their daily lives

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16
Q

Feral child

A

A neglected child who engaged in lawless or anti social behaviour

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17
Q

Social behaviour

A

How am individual or group acts or reacts to another individual, group or event

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18
Q

Identity

A

What makes you who you are

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19
Q

Subculture

A

A group of people within a society who share norms, values, beliefs and attitudes that are in some way different from the mainstream culture

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20
Q

Inequality

A

Unequal access to opportunities and rewards in society, creating differences between us

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21
Q

Feminism

A

A sociological perspective and political movement that focuses on women oppression and the struggle to end it

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22
Q

Consensus

A

Society is based on agreement

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23
Q

Conflict

A

Society is based on a conflict of interest

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24
Q

Society

A

A generalise organised group of people in a community

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25
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

The theory that society is possible because of the shared meanings and social patterns created during social interactions

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26
Q

Patriarchy

A

A society, system, or group in which men dominate women and have the power and authority

27
Q

Diversity

A

A range of different things

28
Q

Ethnicity

A

Shared culture, which may include heritage, language, religion and more

29
Q

Functionalism

A

A theory that views society as a orderly and stable system with interconnected parts designed to meet the needs of individuals in a society

30
Q

Marxism

A

The political and economic theories of Karls Marx, later developed by the followers to form the basis of communism

31
Q

Prejudice

A

A favourable or unfavourable preconceived feeling or options formed without knowledge, reason, or thought that prevents objective consideration of person, group or thing

32
Q

Discrimination

A

The unequal treatment of a person of group on the basis of their statuses

33
Q

Positive sanction

A

A reward for confirming to established norms

34
Q

Negative sanctions

A

A punishment for breaking an established norm

35
Q

Institutions

A

A custom or organisation that has long been held an important feature of some group or society

36
Q

Structural approach

A

Individuals are entirely shaped by the structure of society

37
Q

Social action approach

A

Individuals have free will and choice

38
Q

Social solidarity

A

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location and religion

39
Q

Collective conscience

A

The communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society

40
Q

Division of labour

A

Dividing up a job in order to speed up the process

41
Q

Social beings

A

Everyone who goes through socialisation process becomes social beings

42
Q

Universal standards

A

Expectations of behaviour for individuals In a society that they have to follow

43
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

The class that owns the means of production

44
Q

Proletariat

A

The working class; wage earning labourers

45
Q

Exploitation

A

The action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work

46
Q

Class consciousness

A

Awareness of ones place In a system of social class

47
Q

Alienation

A

An individuals isolation from his or her society work, and sense of self

48
Q

Socialism

A

A political and economic theory of social organisations which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

49
Q

Communism

A

An ideology or political theory that advocates collective ownership of resources and a classless society

50
Q

Means of production

A

The instruments and materials used to produce goods and services

51
Q

Trade unions

A

Organised association of worker in trade

52
Q

Ideology

A

A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy

53
Q

Hierarchy

A

The system of power discrimination in which an individual or group resides within a culture, organisation or society

54
Q

Social stratification

A

A system of inequality based on ranking people or groups based on power, prestige and wealth

55
Q

Correspondence principle

A

Theory that posits a close relationship between social standing and the education system

56
Q

Fordism

A

The modern economic and social systems based on industrialised, standardised mass production and mass consumption

57
Q

Post-Fordism

A

Name given to the dominant system of economic production, consumption and associated socio-economic phenomena

58
Q

Tripartite system

A

Made up of 3 types of schools=

  • grammar schools
  • technical colleges
  • secondary modern
59
Q

Grammar schools

A

A state of secondary schooling to which pupils are admitted on the basis of ability

60
Q

Secondary modern schools

A

A secondary school of a kind offering a general education to children not selected by grammar or technical schools

61
Q

Technical colleges

A

A college or further education providing courses In a range of practical subjects

62
Q

Comprehensivisation

A

Nationalisation of comprehensive type schools

63
Q

Streaming

A

A system of grouping students in schools by ability for all subjects

Sociology Key Terms AS (1 decks)

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