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Human Geography Exam Review > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolute Location

A

location determined by a frame of reference, usually latitude and longitude

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2
Q

Accessibility

A

degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations

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3
Q

Activity Space

A

space within which daily activity occurs

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4
Q

Cartography

A

art and science of making maps

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5
Q

Connectivity

A

amount of direct linkage between places by transportation and communication

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6
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

form of expansion diffusion, nearly all adjacent individuals are affected

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7
Q

Cultural Barrier

A

ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture

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8
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

cultural element expansion from its place of origin to a wider area

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9
Q

Cultural Hearth

A

place of origin of a major culture

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10
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

visible imprint of human activity

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11
Q

Culture

A

sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared by the members of a society

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12
Q

Culture Complex

A

related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils

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13
Q

Culture Trait

A

single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban

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14
Q

Distance

A

measurement of the physical space between two places

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15
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

Environment (nature) affects human life (culture)

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16
Q

Epidemic

A

regional outbreak of a disease

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17
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

innovation/idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there while also spreading outward

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18
Q

Fieldwork

A

answer geographic inquiry by visiting places to observe how people’s actions and reactions change those places

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19
Q

Formal Region

A

marked by a certain degree of similarity

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20
Q

Functional Region

A

defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occurs within it

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21
Q

Generalized Maps

A

information is always generalized on maps

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22
Q

Geocaching

A

hunt for a cache, the GPS coordinates which are placed on the Internet by other geocachers

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23
Q

Geographic Concept

A

ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering research questions

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24
Q

Geographic Information Systems

A

computer technology that lets spatial data be collected and analyzed

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25
Q

Global Positioning System

A

satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features

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26
Q

Globalization

A 
set of processes that...without boundaries:
• increase interactions
• deepen relationships
• heighten interdependence 
Set of outcomes...throughout the world:
• unevenly distributed
• differently manifested
• varying across scales
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27
Q

Hierarchical Diffusion

A

main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to/adopting what is being diffused (ex: new shoes)

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28
Q

Human-Environment

A

relationship between humans and physical world

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29
Q

Independent Invention

A

trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other

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30
Q

Isotherm

A

line on a map connecting point of equal temperature values

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31
Q

Landscape

A

overall appearance of an area, most are comprised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences

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32
Q

Location

A

how geographical position of people and things affects what happens and why

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33
Q

Location Theory

A

an element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a variety of questions

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34
Q

Medical Geography

A

study of health and disease from a geographical perspective

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35
Q

Mental Map

A

maps we carry in our minds

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36
Q

Movement

A

mobility of people, goods, and ideas across Earth

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37
Q

Pandemic

A

worldwide outbreak of a disease

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38
Q

Pattern

A

design of the spatial distribution; what processes create and sustain it

39
Q

Perception of Place

A

belief or understanding about a place from books, movies, pictures, etc.

40
Q

Perceptual Region

A

only exists as an idea, not as a physically demarcated entity (different people have different opinions)

41
Q

Physical Geography

A

study of physical phenomena on Earth

42
Q

Place

A

all have unique human and physical characteristics; geo-graphers study the special character and meaning of places

43
Q

Political Ecology

A

the environment/nature is affected by political and socioeconomic contexts

44
Q

Possibilism

A

humans affect culture

45
Q

Reference Maps

A

maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features

46
Q

Region

A

area of Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic

47
Q

Relative Location

A

regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places

48
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

movement of individuals who have adopted the idea/innovation, and carry it to a new (and maybe distant) locale, where they disseminate it (ex: migration)

49
Q

Remote Sensing

A

collecting data/info (that is almost instantly available) from instruments physically distant from the area or object

50
Q

Rescale

A

involve players at other scales to generate global support for their position

51
Q

Sense of Place

A

infusing a place with meaning and emotion

52
Q

Spatial

A

cultural succession and its lasting imprint, contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

53
Q

Spatial Distribution

A

physical location of geographic phenomena across space

54
Q

Spatial Interaction

A

how places interact with another

55
Q

Spatial Perspective

A

observing variations in geographic phenomena across space

56
Q

Stimulus Diffusion

A

spread of an underlying principle

57
Q

Thematic Maps

A

maps that tell stories

58
Q

Time-Distance Decay

A

declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time

59
Q

AIDS

A

immune deficiency syndrome caused by HIV, spread by bodily contact

60
Q

Child Mortality Rate

A

death rate of children who die by 5 per thousand live births

61
Q

Chronic Diseases

A

afflictions of middle and old age such as cancer, stroke, tuberculosis, etc.

62
Q

Crude Birth Rate

A

of births per year per thousand people

63
Q

Crude Death Rate

A

of deaths per year per thousand people

64
Q

Demographic Transition

A

sequence of stages in population growth:

  1. Low-growth stage
  2. High-growth stage
  3. Moderate-growth stage
  4. Low-growth/stationary stage
65
Q

Dot Map

A

map that represents population distribution, where one dot equals a certain # of a population

66
Q

Doubling Time

A

time required for population to double in size

67
Q

Infant Mortality Rate

A

baby’s death between birth to 1 year old, per thousand births

68
Q

Life Expectancy

A

average of how long a person is expected to live

69
Q

Natural Increase

A

difference between # of births and deaths

70
Q

Population Composition

A

structure of a population by age, gender, marital status, education, etc.

71
Q

Population Distribution

A

descriptions of locations where individuals/groups live

72
Q

Population Explosion

A

rapid growth of population by shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase

73
Q

Population Pyramids

A

shows demographic situation by visually displaying % of each age group in a total population by gender

74
Q

Chain Migration

A

pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links

75
Q

Forced Migration

A

human migration flows in which movers have no choice but to relocate

76
Q

Gravity Model

A

predicts interactions between places based on their population size and distance between them

77
Q

Guest Workers

A

legal immigrant who has a short term work visa

78
Q

Immigration Laws

A

laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into that state

79
Q

Immigration Wave

A

phenomenon where different patterns of chain migration combine

80
Q

Internal Migration

A

human movement within a nation-state

81
Q

Laws of Migration

A

developed by Ernst Ravenstein

  1. Every migration flow generates a return/countermigration
  2. Majority of migrants move short distances
  3. Long distance migrants tend to choose big-city destinations
  4. Urban residents are less migratory than rural inhabitants
  5. Young adults more likely to move internationally than families
82
Q

Quotas

A

limits set by governments on the number of immigrants allowed into a country each year

83
Q

Pull Factors

A

circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales from other places

84
Q

Push Factors

A

conditions and perceptions that help migrants decide to leave

85
Q

Refugees

A

people who have fled their country from political persecution and seek asylum in another country

86
Q

Cultural Appropriation

A

process where other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit

87
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

visible imprint of human activity on the landscape

88
Q

Culture

A

group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people

89
Q

Custom

A

practice that a group of people routinely follow

90
Q

Hearth

A

origin of an idea/cultural trait

91
Q

Hierarchical Diffusion

A

idea/innovation spreads fastest among most connected places/people

92
Q

Site

A

physical characteristics of a place

93
Q

Situation

A

location of a place relative to other places

94
Q

Projection

A

used to transfer places from earth’s surface to a flat map

Human Geography Exam Review (1 decks)

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