Key Terms 5

Question 1

Puritan

Answer 1

English Protestants who believed in strict religious discipline and the simplification of worship; settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Question 2

Separatist

Answer 2

Groups who wished to separate from the Anglican Church to begin their own churches

Question 3

Pilgrim

Answer 3

English Puritans who sought religious freedom and founded Plymouth Colony in 1620

Question 4

Mayflower Compact

Answer 4

Framework for self-government of the Plymouth Colony signed on the ship the Mayflower in 1620

Question 5

Charter

Answer 5

Legal document giving certain rights to a person or company

Question 6

House of Burgesses

Answer 6

Representative assembly of colonial Virginia formed in 1619

Question 7

proprietary colonies

Answer 7

English colony granted to an individual or group by the Crown

Question 8

Royal Colonies

Answer 8

English colony that was under direct control of the Crown

Question 9

Indentured servants

Answer 9

Individual who agreed to work without wages for a period of time in exchange for transportation to the colonies

Question 10

Triangular Trade

Answer 10

Three-way pattern of trade that involved England, English colonies in the Americas, and West Africa

Question 11

Middle Passage

Answer 11

The forced transport of enslaved Africans from West Africa to the Americas

Question 12

Magna Carta

Answer 12

English document from 1215 that limited the power of the king and provided basic rights for citizens

Question 13

Parliament

Answer 13

Legislative body of a country

Question 14

English Bill of Rights

Answer 14

Document signed in 1689 that guaranteed the rights of English citizens

Question 15

Habeas Corpus

Answer 15

Constitutional guarantee that no one can be held in prison without charges being filed

Question 16

Salutary Neglect

Answer 16

British policy in early 1700s which allowed the colonies virtual self-rule if Great Britain was gaining economically

Question 17

Mercantilism

Answer 17

Economic policy under which a nation accumulates wealth by exporting more goods than it imports

Question 18

Staple Crop

Answer 18

Crop/food that makes up the dominant part of a population’s diet

Question 19

Cash Crop

Answer 19

Crop grown for sale

Question 20

Intolerable Acts

Answer 20

American name for the Coercive Acts, which Parliament passed in 1774 to control the colonies

Question 21

Second Continental Congress

Answer 21

Assembly of delegates representing every colony that met in 1775 in Philadelphia

Question 22

First Continental Congress

Answer 22

Group of delegates that met in 1774 and represented all the American colonies, except Georgia

Question 23

Declaration of Independence

Answer 23

Document drawn up by the Second Continental Congress that announced American independence and the reasons for it

Question 24

Natural Rights

Answer 24

Universal rights, such as life and liberty that, according to philosophers, derive from nature rather than a government

Question 25

Unicameral Rights

Answer 25

Lawmaking body made up of a single house

Question 26

Bicameral Rights

Answer 26

Lawmaking body made up of two houses

Question 27

Articles of Confederation

Answer 27

Original federal constitution drafted by the Continental Congress in 1777

Question 28

Virginia Plan

Answer 28

James Madison’s proposal for a bicameral legislature with representation based upon population

Question 29

New Jersey Plan

Answer 29

William Paterson’s proposal for a unicameral legislature with each state having one vote

Question 30

Great Compromise

Answer 30

Compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey plans for a bicameral legislature; each state would have equal representation in the Senate and varied representation in the House of Representatives based on the state’s population

Question 31

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 31

Compromise in which each enslaved person would be counted as three fifths of a person for the purposes of legislative representation

Question 32

Separation of Powers

Answer 32

Principle that divides power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government

Question 33

Checks and Balances

Answer 33

System in which each branch of the government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other two

Question 34

Electoral College

Answer 34

Group of people chosen from each state to indirectly elect the President and Vice President