Key Terms

Question 1

External factors

Answer 1

Factors outside of schools and the education system that cause differences in achievement

Question 2

Cultural deprivation

Answer 2

The idea that children (usually working class) lack the cultural equipment needed to do well at school

Question 3

Compensatory education

Answer 3

A policy designed to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to schools and communities in deprived areas

Question 4

Cultural capital

Answer 4

Bourdieu’s term used to refer to how cultured someone is

Question 5

Disconnected local choser

Answer 5

A working class parent who finds their choices in the education market limited by there lack of economic and cultural capital

Question 6

Self fulling prophecy

Answer 6

Rosenthal&Jacobson
Teachers teaching students based on IQs and focusing more on the higher abled and not expecting anything from the lower.

It’s a label that somebody will react to by taking on the characteristics applying to them

Question 7

Self negating prophecy

Answer 7

The idea that somebody will react to a label by taking on the opposite characteristics to the label

Question 8

Streaming

Answer 8

The process of teachers categorising students according to how that perceive their ability, attitude, or behaviour

Question 9

Labelling theory

Answer 9

Attaching a meaning or definition to somebody

Question 10

Ethnocentric

Answer 10

British history

An attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture and viewpoint of one particular ethnic group while disregarding others

Question 11

Institutional racism

Answer 11

Discrimination that is built into the way institutions operate

Gillborn found blacks get more detentions due to institutional racism

Question 12

A*-C economy

Answer 12

The idea that schools are only interested in pupils that will guarantee then certain grades, and thus may discriminate against others

Question 13

2010 equality act

Answer 13

An act of government that protected 9 key types of people including pregnant and transgenders for the first time

Question 14

Meritocracy Parsons

Answer 14

Functionalist ideal that everyone in education is given an equal chance

Question 15

Baker education act 1988

Answer 15

Launched to make certain subjects compulsory to narrow the gender gap

National curriculum

Question 16

Sex

Answer 16

The inborn genetic differences between male and female

Question 17

Gender

Answer 17

The learned cultural differences that distinguish males an females

Question 18

Double standards

Answer 18

The idea that we don’t judge males and females the same way I.e slag and stud

Question 19

The male gaze

Answer 19

The way male pupils and teachers look at girls bodies and view them as sexual objects, making judgements based on appearance

Question 20

Bowles&Gintis

Answer 20

Rewarding conformity
Correspondence theory

Marxist

Question 21

Bates young training scheme

Answer 21

A group of young girls did caring courses to work with children and were forced to work with the elderly due to a higher demand

Question 22

Gerwirtz& Ball

Answer 22

Argued competition only benefits the middle class

Question 23

Paul Willis

Answer 23

Working class kids get working class jobs

Question 24

Ramsey

Answer 24

Hidden curriculum

Used to exploit the working class

Question 25

Parsons

Answer 25

School is the secondary socialisation providing a set of norms and values in the hidden curriculum

Question 26

Durkheim social solidarity

Answer 26

The idea that children will do better in education if they have some form of support from either family or friends

Question 27

Davis&Moore role allocation

Answer 27

The idea that school prepares people for the world of work an helps to devise the labor

Question 28

Fisher education act 1918

Answer 28

Made the state responsible for secondary education

Leaving age was raised to 18 by thatcher

Question 29

Smith&Nobel material deprivation

Answer 29

Barriers to learning due to low income

Question 30

Reay et al 2005

Answer 30

Working class kids tend to pick universities closer to home to avoid travel cost

Question 31

Marsland&Murray

Answer 31

Children are less likely to succeed if they have unstable families, inferior socialisation, lack of discipline

Question 32

Ball

Answer 32

Middle class can use there cultural capital to gain access

By being placed in sets it limits the attention and supper those who need it get

Question 33

Becker

Answer 33

Ideal pupil

All teachers compare students with there ideal pupil and strive to socialise them into such

Question 34

Sue sharpe

Answer 34

Black machismo

The idea that male students are aggressive and trouble makers due to there absent fathers

Question 35

Cohard

Answer 35

The curriculum ignores other cultures and focuses on things like slavery therefore inferior socialisation of blacks

Question 36

Gillborn&Youdell

Answer 36

Teachers fail to recognise the working class intelligence because it’s utilised in the wrong way

Elaborative language codes
Restricted language codes

Question 37

Internal factors

Answer 37

Factors within schools and the education system that cause differences in achievement