Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Personal Training > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

0
Q

PAR-Q

A

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

HSQ

A

Health Screen Questionnaire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

F.I.T.T.

A

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Frequency

A

Number of days a week that physical activity is done.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intensity

A

Describes the rate of work (how much energy is used per minute) or degree of effort needed to carry out the task.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Duration

A

The length of time for a fitness workout or a bout of physical activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Volume of activity

A

The total amount of energy expended or work accomplished in an aerobic activity. It is equal to intensity, frequency and time.
In wt training it’s the product of sets, reps and wt lifted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Agility

A

Ability to start, stop and move the body quickly in different directions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Balance

A

Ability to maintain a posture or move without falling over.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Coordination

A

Ability to perform a task that integrates movements of the body and various parts of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Speed

A

The ability to move the whole body quickly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Power

A

Ability to exert muscular strength quickly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cholesterol

A

A fatty substance in which Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms may be deposited in the arterial walls,contributing to atherosclerosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epiphysis

A

The ends of long bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

The sites of ossification in long bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Periosteum

A

The connective tissue surrounding all bone surfaces except the articulating surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cartilage

A

A thin layer of tissue that sits between the bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tarsals

A

Short bones in the foot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Carpals

A

Short bones in the hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder Blade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ossification

A

The replacement of cartilage by bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body left and right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Divides the body front and back.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides body top and bottom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anteroposterior Axis

A

Perpendicular to the frontal plane.

Joint movements are abduction and adduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Longitudinal Axis

A

Vertical it the transverse plane.

Rotations are internal and external.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mediolateral Axis

A

Perpendicular to the Sagittal plane.

Movement is flex ion and extension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tendons

A

Attaches muscle to bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Synarthrodial

A

Immovable joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Amphiarthrodial

A

Only allow slight movement between joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Diarthrodial

A

(Synovial) freely moveable joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Menisci

A

Partial, semilunar-shaped discs between the femur and the tibia at the knee.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Bursae

A

Fibrous sacs lined with synovial fluid. Found between tendon and bone, between and bone and between muscle and muscle. Function is to facilitate movement without friction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Range of Motion

A

The limits to range and direction of motion at a joint are determined by the shape of the articulating bones and the length of ligaments crossing the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Flexion

A

Movement forward and upward.

Sagittal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Extension

A

Movement back from flexion.

Sagittal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Abduction

A

Movement going out from the side.

Frontal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Adduction

A

Movement to the body.

Frontal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Internal Rotation

A

Movement toward the midline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

External Rotation

A

Movement away from the midline of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Supination

A

Standing with palms forward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Pronation

A

Standing with palms backward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Foot pointed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Toes pulled back.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Voluntary (skeletal) muscle

A

Thousands of muscle fibers. Each fiber is enclosed by connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Concentric Action

A

A shortening of the muscle, causing the joint to move.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Eccentric Action

A

Lengthening of the muscle during its action. Controls speed of movement caused by another force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Isometric

A

Muscle action that does not change length.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Motor Unit

A

Single motor neuron, it’s branches, and all the muscle fibers that it innervates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Agonist

A

The prime mover. A muscle that is very effective in causing a certain joint movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Antagonist

A

Are mostly passive and lengthen as the agonist shortens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Muscle Group

A

Includes all of the muscles that cause the same movement at the same joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Stability

A

Is a feature of the whole body and is influenced by the position of all parts of the body.
The ability to remain stable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Torque

A

Force that typically rotates the joint.

The product of the magnitude of the force and the force arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Force Arm

A

Perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the direction of the application of the force causing movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Resistance Arm

A

Perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the direction of the application of the force resisting movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Rotational Inertia

A

Reluctance to rotate; proportional to the mass and distribution of the mass around the axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Angular Momentum

A

The quantity of rotation. The product of rotational inertia and angular velocity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Facet Joint

A

The facet joints are the connections between the bones of the spine.
In addition to assisting in supporting loads on the spine, the facet joints control the amount and direction of vertebral movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Lordosis

A

Exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine.

Lower back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Kyphosis

A

Exaggerated curvature of the thoracic spine.

Upper back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Scoliosis

A

A longitudinal S-shaped curve of the spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Discs

A

Allow flexibility and act as shock absorbers in the spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Motion Segment

A

Consists of two vertebrae and their inverting disc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Functional Curve

A

Can be removed (changed) and resumed by a deliberate change in posture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Structural Curve

A

Difficult to correct or remove due to unhealthy posture over a number of years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Pre-Exhaustion

A

Perform 2 successive sets of 2 exercises for the same muscle group. Isolation first then compound move.

Forces muscle to work hard. Used to promote hypertrophy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Circuit Training

A

Perform a series of exercises in a circuit with little rest. Mod wts 10 - 15 reps.
Can improve CRF if speed and intensity are sufficient to elevate HR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Over Reaching

A

Deliberately training to break a plateau.
Can be the first stage leading to overtraining.
Recovery can be achieved in a cpl days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Over Training Syndrome

A

Excessive workouts
Typically leads to a plateau or decrease in performance.
Marked by wt loss, decrease in appetite, sleep…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Inversion

A

Lifting the inner edge of the foot with the big toe elevated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Eversion

A

Lifting the outer edge of the foot with the small toe elevated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate. (ATP)

A

Used by cells as the primary energy source.

Adenine and three phosphates linked by high energy bonds.
When bond is broken energy is released.
ATP = ADP + Pi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Creatine Phosphate (Phosphocreatine)

A

organic compound that provides a quick source of energy for muscle fibers to contract when they need an initial burst of energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Glycolysis

A

Anaerobic. Short term source of energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Aerobic

A

When oxygen is used to help supply energy

(ATP) to a person who is working.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Anaerobic

A

Energy supplied without oxygen.
Creatine phosphate and glycolysis supply
ATP without using oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar that is vital energy source in the human body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Glycogen

A

The storage form of carbohydrate in the body.

82
Q

Mitochondria

A

Cell responsible for generating energy (ATP) through aerobic metabolism.
Aerobic Energy Production.

83
Q

Myofibril

A

Component inside muscle fibers that is composed of a long string of sarcomeres.

84
Q

Actin

A

Thin filament of the sarcomere to which myosin binds to release the energy in the activated crossbridges leading to sarcomere shortening.

85
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filament in sarcomeres that can bind actin and split ATP to generate crossbridge movement and develop tension.

86
Q

Sliding Filament Theory

A

Thin actin filaments slide over thick myosin filament
Entire muscle shortens
Contractile protein size does not change.
Filaments slide closer together contract the muscle

87
Q

Fast Glycolic Fiber (Type IIx)

A

Produces great force.

Fatigue quickly

88
Q

Slow Oxidative Fiber (Type I)

A

Slow produce low force.
Produce ATP aerobically in the mitochondria.
Contains large numbers of mitochondria.
Numerous capillaries which supply oxygen.

89
Q

Fast Oxidative Glycolic Fiber (Type IIa)

A

Has both type I and type II characteristics.
Fast contracting.
Produce great force and resist fatigue.
Contains large numbers of mitochondria and capillaries.

90
Q

Summation

A

If the frequency of stimulation increases, the muscle cannot relax. The stimulus then adds to the tension of the previous contraction.

91
Q

Tetanus

A

Increased frequency of stimulation causes contractions to fuse into a smooth, sustained high-tension contraction.

92
Q

Recruitment

A

The number of muscle fibers recruited for a contraction determines the force of the contraction.

93
Q

VO2

A

Oxygen inhaled - oxygen exhaled.

94
Q

Respiratory Quotient

A

Tells what type of fuel is being used during exercise.

During intense exercise lactic acid production can cause RQ values > 1.0

95
Q

Oxygen Deficit

A

Occurs at beginning of exercise.

Oxygen demand is greater than oxygen supply.

96
Q

Steady State

A

Oxygen supply = oxygen demand.

97
Q

EPOC

A

Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption
Used to make additional ATP
Brings muscle PC stores back to normal
Meets ATP demands of breathing and HR during recovery.

98
Q

Graded Exercise Test

A

VO2 test with mask.
Measures cardiorespiratory fitness.
Determines max oxygen uptake.
Determines the greatest rate at which the body can make ATP.

99
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Heart Rate - heart beats per min.

100
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Amount of blood pumped with each heart beat.

Primary limiting factor influencing VO2 max.

101
Q

Heart Rate

A

Number of beats per minute.

102
Q

Oxygen Extraction

A

The amount of oxygen extracted from the cells.
Arteriovenous oxygen difference.
Trained individuals extract more oxygen due to increased capillaries and mitochondria.

103
Q

Systole

A

Top number in blood pressure.
Arterial pressure during systole.
Initially goes up during endurance exercise but can have an effect of decreasing over time after training.

104
Q

Diastole

A

Bottom number
Refilling stage
Stays constant during endurance exercise.

105
Q

Radiation.

A

The process of heat exchange from the surface of one object that depends on a temperature gradient but does not require direct contact between.

106
Q

Conduction

A

Where heat is lost from warmer to cooler objects.

107
Q

Convection

A

Heat is transferred to air or water in direct contact with the skin.

108
Q

Evaporation

A

Conversion of water from liquid to gas by means of heat; as in sweat.

109
Q

Malnutrition

A

Underconsumption, over consumption or unbalanced consumption of nutrients that leads to disease.
Poor nutrition has been linked to CVD and cancer.

110
Q

Nutrient

A

Needed for the maintenance, growth and repair of tissues.

111
Q

Macronutrients

A

Carbs, fats, proteins and water.

112
Q

Micronutrient

A

Needed in small quantities.

Vitamins and minerals.

113
Q

Carbohydrate

A 
Plant based (fruits, vegetables, grains, seeds, nuts)
Preferred fuel source for physical activity and mental function.
114
Q

Protein

A

Formed by amino acids.
Animal and vegetable sources.
Repairs muscle breakdown.

115
Q

Fats

A

Distribution of vitamins A, D, E and K
Temperature regulation.
Hormone production.

116
Q

Vitamin

A

Organic substance essential to human health.
Fat soluble: A, D, K and E
Water soluble: B and C

117
Q

Mineral

A

Calcium, iron, sodium

Often consumed in inappropriate amounts.

118
Q

Glycemic Index

A

Rating system used to indicate how rapidly a food causes blood glucose to rise.
Low glycemic foods are better.

119
Q

Complex Carb

A

Nutrient dense polysaccharide.
Break down slowly to form glucose.
Found in fresh fruits, grains and vegetables.

120
Q

Simple Carbs

A

Mono and disaccharide.
Break down quickly to form glucose.
Found in juice, soft drinks, candy, and processed foods.

121
Q

Triglyceride

A

Primary storage form of fat in the body.

Composed of three fatty-acid chains bound to a glycerol backbone.

122
Q

Lipoprotein

A

Allow fat to travel through the bloodstream.

123
Q

Saturated Fat

A

Mainly from animal sources.
Also in palm oil, coconut oil, and peanut butter.
Solid at room temp.
High intake linked to CVD

124
Q

Trans Fats

A

Unsaturated fat that is artificially infused with hydrogen.

Improves appearance and lengthens shelf life. As harmful as saturated fats in promoting CVD and obesity.

125
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

Derived from plants.
Liquid at room temperature.
Monounsaturated: olive and canola oils
Polyunsaturate: fish, corn, soybean oil, and peanut oils.

126
Q

Essential Fatty Acids

A

Necc for human health.
Cannot be manufactured by the body.
Vegetable oils, nuts, avocados, soybeans.

127
Q

Omega-3

A

fish, walnuts, canola oil.

Essential fatty acid

128
Q

Alpha Linolenic

A

essential omega-3 fatty acid and organic compound found in seeds, nuts, and many common vegetable oils. In terms of its structure, it is named all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid.

129
Q

Amino Acid

A

Nitrogen-containing building blocks for proteins that can be used for energy.

130
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamin

A

Vitamins A, D, E and K

131
Q

Water Soluble Vitamin

A

B and C

132
Q

Antioxidant Vitamin

A

Boost the immune system and help ward off disease (beta carotene, C and E).

133
Q

Ergogenic Aid

A

Supplements (creatine, caffeine)
Some provide no athletic benefit, some do but are banned.
Creatine Phosphate appears to enhance
high-intensity performance.

134
Q

Female Athlete Triad

A

Characterized by disordered eating, amenorrhea (no periods), and osteoporosis.
Low body weight.

135
Q

Obesity

A

Excessive accumulation of fat tissue;

also may be classified by weight / height.

136
Q

Energy Balance

A

Energy in - energy out = energy balance.
Too much food in = weight gain
Too little food in = weight loss.

137
Q

Resting Metabolic Rate

A

Total calories needed to maintain body at rest.

For maintenance muscle requires more calories than fat.

138
Q

Disordered Eating

A

Diagnosed condition in which unhealthy eating patterns may lead to severe declines in health, and possibly death.

139
Q

Anorexia

A

Preoccupation with body weight that leads to starvation.

140
Q

Bulimia

A

Large food consumption followed by purging. ( vomiting, laxatives, exercise )

141
Q

Binge Eating

A

Large food consumption over a short period of time; frequently linked to emotional cues.

142
Q

CRF

A

Cardiorespiratory Fitness
The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to muscles during exercise involving a large muscle mass.

143
Q

Dose

A 
The quantity (intensity, frequency, and duration) of exercise needed to bring about a response. 
( lower resting BP )
144
Q

Potency

A

Intensity of exercise.

High intensity can be done less frequent than moderate intensity.

145
Q

Slope

A

Reflects how much of an effect results from a change in dose.
Changes can be short term or long term.

146
Q

Maximal Effect

A

A specific dose of exercises may affect some changes, but not others.
Mod exercise improves risk factors; but strenuous exercise can modify or reverse risk factors and improve VO2 max.

147
Q

Variability

A

The effect of a drug varies among individuals.

Effect of specific exercise differs among individuals

148
Q

Side Effect

A

Exercise and drugs may have adverse side effects and or injury.

149
Q

Acute Response

A

Occur with one or several bouts of exercise but do not improve further.

150
Q

Rapid Response

A

Benefits occur early, then plateau

151
Q

Linear Response

A

Gains which continue over time.

152
Q

Delayed Response

A

Occur after several weeks of training.

153
Q

METs

A

Intensity of exercise expressed in mets.
One MET is energy cost of sitting.
Moderate intensity = 3-6
Vigorous intensity = > 6

154
Q

Metabolic Load

A

The most direct way to determine exercise intensity is % VO2max. THR is used to approximate training intensities.

155
Q

Target Heart Range (THR)

A

(Max HR - resting HR) x (desired %) + RHR = THR

156
Q

Max Heart Rate

A

Best calculated by graded exercise test.
If not available use the Tanaka Formula
HR = 208 - (0.7 x age)

157
Q

Heart Rate Reserve

A

Difference between resting and max heart rate.

158
Q

Training Threshold

A

The minimal intensity necessary to elicit a training effect.
60% - 80% of VO2max
75% - 90% HRmax

159
Q

Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

A

A numeric system to giving value to exercise intensity.

Moderate - RPE 5-6
Vigorous - RPE 7-8

160
Q

Acclimatization

A

The amount of time it takes to adjust to a climate.
Fit individuals acclimatize faster.
Generally takes 7-10 days.

161
Q

Dehydration

A

Reduces sweat rate

Increases chance of heat injury

162
Q

Hypothermia

A

Heat loss exceeds heat production

163
Q

Windchill Index

A

Wind speed influences heat loss
Wind increases cold air molecules contacting skin
Windchill indicates relative temperature

164
Q

Altitude

A

At higher altitude, O2 is reduced.
Less O2 is available to bind to hemoglobin
O2 per liter of blood is diminished
Greater effort is required to perform at same level

165
Q

Muscular Endurance

A

The ability of the muscle to perform repetitive contractions over a prolonged time.

166
Q

Muscular Strength

A

The ability of the muscle to generate the max amount of force.

167
Q

Muscular Power

A

Enables max force production in a short time

168
Q

Flexibility

A

The ability to move a joint through its full ROM without discomfort or pain.

169
Q

Principle of Progression

A

Demands must increase over time
Becomes more impt as acclimation develops
Increase wt 5%-10%

170
Q

Principle of Regularity

A

Training must be performed several times a week
Use it or loose it - adaptation cannot be stored
Long term gains in strength and performance require consistent training.

171
Q

Principle of Specificity

A

Adaptations are specific to muscles or activity training in

Training adaptations do not transfer from one body part to another.

172
Q

Principle of Overload

A

The body must be stressed beyond that which it is accustomed to.
Overload can be manipulated.

173
Q

Training Volume

A 
Total work completed in a training session
Number of exercises,
Resistance weight
Number of sets
Number of reps
174
Q

Repetition Velocity

A

Affects neural, hypertrophy, metabolic adaptation
Fast velocity, plyometrics - speed, power
Slow with max resistance - strength

175
Q

Periodization

A

Systemic variation in a training program
Limits training plateaus
Changes the training stimulus to maintain effectiveness of training
Cycle: hypertrophy, strength, or power

176
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Fragile Bone disease.
BMD < 2.5
Decrease in total amount of bone mineral and decrease in strength in remaining bone.

177
Q

Bone Mineral Density

A

Amount of bone mineral per unit area.

Measured with DXA and used for clinical diagnosing osteoporosis.

178
Q

CHD

A

Coronary Heart Disease

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.

179
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A form of CHD in which fatty substance (lipids) deposit in the inner walls of lg and med arteries.

180
Q

Diabetes

A

Metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose concentrations.
Type 1 - make a lack of insulin.
Type 2 - insulin resistant.

181
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Disease that obstructs the flow of air in the airways of the lungs.

182
Q

Transtheoretical Model

A

Model of intentional behavioral modification.

The individuals motivation, readiness to change and personal history.

183
Q

Pre-Contemplation

A

Individual is not seriously thinking about changing in the next 6 months or is denying the need to change.

184
Q

Contemplation

A

Individual is seriously thinking about changing in the next 6 months.

185
Q

Preparation

A

Begin taking steps and making plans.

186
Q

Action

A

The 6 months following the overt modification of behavior. Motivation and investment in habit or change are high during this time.
It is the busiest and least stable, has highest rate of relapse.

187
Q

Maintenance

A

Time following the 6 months of new behavior. The longer time spent in maintenance the lower risk of relapse.

188
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

Confidence in ones ability to engage in a positive behavior.

189
Q

Decisional Balance

A

Evaluating and monitoring potential gains and losses from the decision.
As they move through the stages of change, perceived gains increase and losses decrease.

190
Q

Adherence

A

Sticking to the behavior change.

191
Q

Sprain

A

Soft tissue injury.

Over stretching or tearing of ligaments.

192
Q

Strain

A

Soft tissue injury.

Over stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon.

193
Q

Fracture

A

Injury to the bone.

Crack (hairline) or complete fracture (break).

194
Q

Inherent Risk

A

Simply happen no one at fault.

Accident

195
Q

Negligence

A

Failure to do something that a reasonable prudent professional WOULD do.
Doing something that a reasonable prudent professional WOULD NOT do.

196
Q

Product Liability

A

Liability where the manufacturer is liable due to a defect (design, manufacturing, or marketing) in a product that is considered unreasonably dangerous to the user.

197
Q

Insulin Sensitivity

A

Insulin sensitivity describes how sensitive the body is to the effects of insulin. Someone said to be insulin sensitive will require smaller amounts of insulin to lower blood glucose levels than someone who has low sensitivity.

198
Q

Ilia (Illium)

A

Pelvic bone

199
Q

Involuntary (Smooth) Muscles

A

Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles composed of thick and thin protein.

Heart, iris. They involuntarily contract.

200
Q

Motor Neuron

A

A motor neuron is a type of cell in the nervous system that directly or indirectly controls the contraction or relaxation of muscles, which in most cases leads to movement.

201
Q

Fatty Acid

A

Good fats. Usually found in oils.

Omega-3.

202
Q

VO2max

A

VO2max stands for maximal oxygen uptake and refers to the amount of oxygen your body is capable of utilizing in one minute. It is a measure of your capacity for aerobic work and can be a predictor of your potential as an endurance athlete. Although there are many factors that affect your VO2max, it is a commonly accepted measure of cardio respiratory fitness.

203
Q

Dynamic Constant External Resistance

DCER

A

Resistance training where the weight does not change during lifting and lowering.
Free weights.

Personal Training (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions