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Urology & Nephrology > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Active Transport

A

Movement of a molecule through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration; movement requires energy consumption within the cell.

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2
Q

Acute renal Failure (ARF)

A

The sudden onset of severely decreased urine production.

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3
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis

A

A particular syndrome characterized by the sudden death of tubular cells.

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4
Q

Antidiuresis

A

Formation and passage of a concentrated urine, preserving blood volume.

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5
Q

Anuria

A

No elimination of urine.

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6
Q

Ascending Loop of Henle

A

The part of the tubule beyond the descending loop of henle.

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7
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

A

A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate associated with aging.

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8
Q

Bowman’s Capsule

A

The hollow, cup-shaped first part of the nephron tubule.

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9
Q

Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, (CAPD)

A

A dialysis procedure that relies on the patient’s peritoneal membrane as the semipermeable membrane. Dialysate is introduced into the abdomen via a closed system that allows the patient to be ambulatory during dialysis. Also called peritoneal dialysis.

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10
Q

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

A

Permanently inadequate renal function due to nephron loss.

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11
Q

Collecting Duct

A

The larger structure beyond the distal tubule into which urine drips.

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12
Q

Community-acquired Infection

A

An infection offering in a non hospitalized patient who is not undergoing regular medical procedures, including the use of instruments such as catheters.

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13
Q

Cortex

A

The outer tissue of an organ such as the kidney

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14
Q

Creatinine

A

A waste product caused by metabolism within muscle cells.

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15
Q

Cystitis

A

an infection and inflammation of the urinary bladder

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16
Q

Descending Loop of Henle

A

The part of the tubule beyond the proximal tubule

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17
Q

Dialysate

A

The solution used in dialysis and is hypo-osmolar to many of the wastes and key electrolytes in blood.

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18
Q

Distal Tubule

A

The part of the tubule beyond the ascending loop of henle

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19
Q

End-stage renal failure

A

An extreme failure of kidney function due to nephron loss

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20
Q

Epididymis

A

A saclike duct adjacent to a testis that stores sperm cells

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21
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

A form of molecular diffusion in which a molecule-specific carrier in a cell membrane speeds the molecule’s movement from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

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22
Q

Filtrate

A

The fluid produced in Bowman’s capsule by filtration of blood.

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23
Q

Flanks

A

The part of the back below the ribs and above the hip bones.

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24
Q

Genitourinary System

A

The male organ systems that includes reproductive and urinary structures.

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25
Q

Glomerular Filtration

A

The removal of water and other elements from blood in the nephron tubule

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26
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A

The volume per day at which blood is filtered through capillaries of the glomerulus

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27
Q

Glomerulus

A

A tuft of capillaries from which blood is filtered into a nephron.

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28
Q

Glucose Intolerance

A

The body cells’ inability to take up glucose from the blood stream

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29
Q

Hemodialysis

A

A dialysis procedure relying on vascular access to the blood and on an artificial membrane.

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30
Q

Hilum

A

The notched part of the kidney where the ureter and other structures join kidney tissue

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31
Q

Hyperosmolar

A

A solution that has a concentration of the substance greater than that of a second solution.

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32
Q

Hypo-osmolar

A

A solution that has a concentration of the substance lower than that of a second solution.

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33
Q

Interstitial Nephritis

A

An inflammation within the tissue surrounding the nephrons.

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34
Q

Intrarenal Abscess

A

pocket of infection within kidney tissue

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35
Q

Isosthenuria

A

The inability to concentrate or dilute urine relative to the osmolarity of blood.

36
Q

Kidney

A

An organ that produces urine and performs other functions related to the urinary system

37
Q

Medulla

A

The inner tissue of an organ such as the kidney

38
Q

Microangiopathy

A

A Disease affecting the smallest blood vessels.

39
Q

Nephrology

A

The medical specialty dealing with the kidneys

40
Q

Nephron

A

A microscopic structure within the kidney that produces urine.

41
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

An infection acquired in a medical setting

42
Q

Oliguria

A

Decreased urinary elimination to 400-500mL or less per day

43
Q

Osmolarity

A

The measure of a substances concentration in water

44
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion pattern of water in which molecules move to equalize concentration on both sides of a membrane

45
Q

Osmotic Diuresis

A

Greatly increased urination and dehydration that results when high levels of glucose cannot be reabsorbed into the blood from the kidney tubules and the osmotic pressure of the glucose in the tubules also prevents water reabsorption.

46
Q

Papilla

A

The tip of a pyramid; it juts into the hollow space of the kidney.

47
Q

Penis

A

The male organ of copulation

48
Q

Pernephric Abscess

A

A pocket of infection in the layer of fat surrounding the kidney.

49
Q

Postrenal ARF

A

Acute renal failure caused by obstruction distal to the kidney

50
Q

Prerenal ARF

A

Acute renal failure caused by decreased blood perfusion to the kidney.

51
Q

Preventive Strategy

A

A management plan to minimize further damage to vital tissues.

52
Q

Priapism

A

A painful, prolonged erection of the penis.

53
Q

Prostate Gland

A

A gland that surrounds the male bladder neck and the first portion of the urethra; it produced fluid that mixes with sperm to make semen.

54
Q

Postatitis

A

infection and inflammation of the prostate gland.

55
Q

Proximal tubule

A

The part of the tubule beyond Bowman’s Capsule

56
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

An infection or inflammation of the kidney

57
Q

Pyramids

A

The visible tissue structures within the medulla of the kidney

58
Q

Reabsorption

A

The movement of a substance from a nephron tubule back into the blood.

59
Q

Reduced Nephron Mass

A

The decrease in number of functional nephrons that causes chronic renal failure.

60
Q

Reduced Renal Mass

A

The decrease in kidney size associated with chronic renal failure.

61
Q

Referred Pain

A

Pain felt in a location other than that of its origin

62
Q

Renal

A

pertaining to the kidney

63
Q

Renal ARF

A

Acute renal failure (ARF) caused by pathology within the kidney tissue itself.

64
Q

Renal Calculi

A

Kidney Stones.

65
Q

Renal Dialysis

A

Artificial Replacement of some critical kidney functions

66
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

The hollow space of the kidney that junctions with a ureter

67
Q

Renin

A

An enzyme produced by the kidney cells that places a key role in controlling arterial blood pressure

68
Q

Secretion

A

The movement of a substance from the blood into a nephron tubule

69
Q

Semen

A

Male reproductive Fluid

70
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

71
Q

Sperm Cell

A

Male reproductive Cell

72
Q

Testes

A

Male Sex organs

73
Q

Testicular Torsion

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord, resulting in blockage of the blood supply to the testicle and surrounding structures within the scrotum.

74
Q

Urea

A

Waste derived from ammonia produced through protein metabolism.

75
Q

Uremia

A

The syndrome of signs and symptoms associated with chronic renal failure.

76
Q

Ureter

A

A duct that carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder.

77
Q

Urethra

A

The duct that carries urine from the bladder out of the body; in men, it also carries reproductive fluid (Semen) to the outside of the body.

78
Q

Urethritis

A

An infection and inflammation of the urethra.

79
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

The muscular organ that stores urine before its elimination from the body.

80
Q

Urinary Stasis

A

A condition in which the bladder empties incompletely during urination.

81
Q

Urinary Tract Infection

A

An infection, usually bacterial, at any site in the urinary tract.

82
Q

Urine

A

The fluid made by the kidney and eliminated from the body

83
Q

Urology

A

The surgical specialty dealing with the urinary/genitourinary system

84
Q

Vas Deferens

A

The duct that carries sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra

85
Q

Visceral Pain

A

Dull, poorly localized pain that originates in the walls of hollow organs such as the ureter or bladder.

Urology & Nephrology (3 decks)

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