Key Terms

Question 1

Catalase

Answer 1

Bacterial enzyme that breaks down peroxides with liberation of free oxygen

Question 2

Coagulase

Answer 2

Protein enzyme that enable conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, used to differentiate S. aureus

Question 3

Microdase

Answer 3

Modified oxidase test used to differentiate Miccrococcus spp. from catalase positive staph spp.

Question 4

Novobiocin

Answer 4

differentiates S. saprophyticus

Question 5

MRSA

Answer 5

methicillin resistant S. aureus

Question 6

TSST

Answer 6

toxic shock syndrome toxin, S. aureus

Question 7

Hyaluronidase

Answer 7

a virulence factor used to destroy the polysaccharide that holds animal cells together

Question 8

Exotoxins

Answer 8

toxin secreted by bacteria

Question 9

Enterotoxins

Answer 9

protein exotoxin released by a microorganism that targets the intestines

Question 10

Aggressions

Answer 10

enzymes which act on host tissue to establish bacterial infections and relate to virulence

Question 11

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Answer 11

The syndrome is caused by S. aureus and causes detachment within the epidermal layer

Question 12

Impetigo

Answer 12

Highly contagious staph infection (aureus or less commonly pyogenes), causing lesions and scabbing often seen on arms, legs, and face

Question 13

Furuncles

Answer 13

another S. aureus infection resulting in boils at a hair follicle

Question 14

Alpha hemolysis

Answer 14

partial lysis of red cells around colony; greenish discoloration around colony

Question 15

Beta hemolysis

Answer 15

complete lysis of red cells around colony; clear area around colony

Question 16

Gamma hemolysis

Answer 16

no lysis of red cells around colony; no change in agar

Question 17

Hemolysis

Answer 17

visible breakdown of red blood cells on blood agar

Question 18

PYR test

Answer 18

Test positive for S. lugdunensis, S. pyogenes, and Enterococci

Question 19

Lancefield groups

Answer 19

groups beta hemolytic bacteria based on carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on cell walls

Question 20

Camp test

Answer 20

used to identify beta hemolytic streptococci.

Question 21

Bile esculin

Answer 21

used to identify Enterococci and Group D Strep.

Question 22

Salt Tolerance

Answer 22

used to identify Enterococci

Question 23

Optochin

Answer 23

used to identify S. pneumoniae

Question 24

Bile Solubility

Answer 24

used to identify/confirm S. pneumonia

Question 25

Streptokinase

Answer 25

enzyme secreted by several species of streptococci that activate human plasminogen

Question 26

SPE

Answer 26

exotoxins produced by S. pyogenes

Question 27

Scarlet Fever

Answer 27

infection of S. pyogenes from erythrogenic toxin

Question 28

Rheumatic fever

Answer 28

inflammatory disease post S. pyogenes infection

Question 29

Neonatal sepsis

Answer 29

systemic bacterial infection of newborn after exposure to flora of birth canal

Question 30

VRE

Answer 30

Vancomycin resistant Enterococci