key terms Flashcards
Celsius Temperature Scale
A temperature scale on which water has a freezing point of 0 degrees celsius and a boiling point of 100 degrees celsius.
Chemical
A substance that has the same composition and properties wherever it is found.
Chemistry
The science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.
Conversion Factor
A ratio in which the numerator and denominator are quantities from an equality or given relationship.
Density
The relationship of the mass of an object to its volume.
Exact Number
A number obtained by counting or by definition.
Measured Number
A number obtained when a quantity is determined by using a measuring device.
Specific Heat
A quantity of heat that changes the temperature of exactly 1 gram of a substance by exactly 1 degree celsius.
States of Matter
Three forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
Alkali Metals
Elements of group 1A (1) except hydrogen; these are soft, shiny metals with one outer shell electron.
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2A (2) elements, which have 2 electrons in their outer shells.
Atom
The smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element.
Group
A vertical column in the periodic table that contains elements having similar physical and chemical properties.
Halogens
Group 7A (17) elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
Ionization Energy
The energy needed to remove the least tightly bound electron from the outermost energy level of an atom.
