key terms

Question 1

the formation of new blood vessels, which is essential for tumor growth and metastasis

Answer 1

Angiogenesis

Question 2

programmed cell death, a natural process that eliminates damaged or unwanted cells

Answer 2

Apoptosis

Question 3

a non-cancerous growth that is localized and not not metastasize

Answer 3

Benign Tumor

Question 4

a type of internal radiation therapy where radioactive sources are placed directly withinn or near the tumor

Answer 4

Brachytherapy

Question 5

process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells

Answer 5

Carcinogenesis

Question 6

any substance or factor that can cause cancer

Answer 6

Carcinogenic Agent

Question 7

the use of drugs to treat cancer by killing or inhibiting the growth of cancer cells

Answer 7

Chemotherapy

Question 8

the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function. cancer cells often exhibit poor differentiation.

Answer 8

Differentiation

Question 9

leakage of chemotherapy drugs from a vein into the surrounding tissues, potentially causing damage

Answer 9

Extravasation

Question 10

a system for classifying cancer cells based on their appearance and how quickly they are likely to grow and spread.

Answer 10

Grading

Question 11

a procedure to replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy stem cells.

Answer 11

Hemotopoietic (HSCT)

Question 12

A treatment that blocks or alters hormones to stop or slow cancer cell growth

Answer 12

Hormonal Therapy

Question 13

a treatment that uses the body own immune system to fight cancer

Answer 13

Immunotherapy

Question 14

cancer that has spread beyond the original site and ivaded surrounding tissues

Answer 14

Invasive Cancer

Question 15

a cancerous growth that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of body (metastasize)

Answer 15

Malignant Tumor

Question 16

the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to other parts of the body

Answer 16

Metastasis

Question 17

suppression of bone marrow activity, leading to decreased production of blood cells

Answer 17

Myelosuppression

Question 18

treatment given before the main treatment (surgery) to shrink the tumor and make it easier to remove

Answer 18

Neoadjuvant Therapy

Question 19

a life-threatening medical condition that can occur as a result of a cancer or its treatment

Answer 19

Oncologic Emergency

Question 20

care focused on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for people with serious illnesses, including cancer

Answer 20

Palliative Care

Question 21

surgery performed to remove tissue or organs at high risk of developing cancer, even if no cancer present

Answer 21

Prophylactic Surgery

Question 22

the use of high-energy rays to kill or damage cancer cells.

Answer 22

Radiation Therapy

Question 23

extensive surgery performed to treat a local recurrence of cancer after less extensive treatments have failed.

Answer 23

Salvage Surgery

Question 24

a procedure to identify and remove the first lymph node(s) that a tumor drains into, helping determine if cancer has spread.

Answer 24

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Question 25

a system for describing the extent or spread of cancer within the body

Answer 25

Staging

Question 26

type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to specifically target cancer cells, often with fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy.

Answer 26

Targeted Therapy

Question 27

an abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should

Answer 27

Tumor