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Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

The addition of a stimulus following a response that increases
the response occurring in the future

A

Positive Reinforcement

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2
Q

The removal of a stimulus following a response that increases
the response in the future

A

Negative Reinforcement

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3
Q

Any consequence that decreases the frequency of a response occurring in the future

A

Punishment

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4
Q

A stimulus that is presented or removed after a response that maintains or increase the behavior occurring in the future

A

Reinforcer

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5
Q

A stimulus that is presented or removed after a response that decreases the behavior occurring in the future

A

Punisher

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6
Q

When responding occurs in the presences of an antecedent stimulus and does not occur in its absence

A

Stimulus control

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7
Q

A stimulus that comes before a response

A

Antecedent

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8
Q

A stimulus that comes after a response

A

Consequence

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9
Q

Demonstrating a behavior so in can be imitated

A

Modeling

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10
Q

Reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior

A

Shaping

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11
Q

The science in which the procedures derived from the study of
behavior are applied to produce meaningful improvements in socially significant behaviors

A

(ABA) Applied behavior Analysis

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12
Q

Paring a neutral antecedent stimulus with an unconditioned antecedent stimulus to elicit a response

A

Respondent conditioning

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13
Q

Paring a behavior with a reinforcing or punishing consequence to increase or decrease the future probability of the behavior
occurring again

A

Operant conditioning

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14
Q

Performing a behavior with sufficient accuracy and speed to increase the likelihood of maintenance and generalization

A

Fluency

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15
Q

Performing a behavior over time, long after training

A

Maintenance

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16
Q

Performing a behavior under different conditions from training or emitting a different behavior that serves the same purpose as
the one taught in training

A

Generalization

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17
Q

Environmental events or changes in those events that have the
potential to affect behavior

A

Stimuli

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18
Q

An organism’s interaction with the environment that produces a
detectable change in the environment

A

Behavior

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19
Q

The number of occurrences of behavior per unit of time

A

Frequency

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20
Q

The form of a behavior

A

Topography

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21
Q

The purpose a behavior serves

A

Function

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22
Q

The amount of time a behavior occurs from its onset to its offset

A

Duration

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23
Q

The amount of time between the onset of a stimulus and the occurrence of a behavior

A

Latency

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24
Q

The amount of force of a behavior

A

Magnitude

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25
Three or more data points
Path
26
The direction of a data path
Trend
27
The difference in the value of the data from baseline to intervention
Change
28
Stimuli that are biologically important and that do not have to be conditioned to increase the behavior occurring again under
Primary reinforcers or Unconditioned reinforcers
29
A biological condition in which a stimulus temporarily looses reinforcing capacity due to decreased depravation
Satiation
30
A biological condition in which a stimulus is highly reinforcing due to its absences in the immediate past
Depravation
31
Environmental conditions that alter the effectiveness of a reinforcing or punishing event and alter the frequency of behavior followed by the event
Motivative operations (MO)
32
Stimuli that gain reinforcing properties by being paired with primary or previously conditioned reinforcers
Secondary reinforcers or Conditioned reinforcers
33
A previously neutral stimulus that is paired with a variety of backup reinforcers and thus gains reinforcing capacity when presented after a behavior
Generalized conditioned reinforcer
34
The environmental arrangement of reinforcing consequences
Schedule of reinforcement
35
Reinforcement provided after every response
Continuous reinforcement (CRF)
36
Reinforcement after some, but not all responses
Intermittent reinforcement
37
A schedule in which reinforcement is provided on the first response after a time period
Interval schedule
38
A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent on the frequency of responses
Ratio schedule
39
The addition of stimulus that decreases the behavior occurring
Type I punishment
40
The removal of a stimulus that decreases the behavior occurring
Type II punishment
41
A systematic approach to teaching based on scientifically demonstrated principles that describe how the environment affects learning
Applied behavior analysis
42
Breaking down complex or multiple step behaviors or skills into small, easier to teach subtasks.
Task analysis
43
An observable student response made to an instructional antecedent
Active student responding (ASR)
44
An instructional antecedent, a student’s response, and positive or corrective instructional information
Learning trial
45
An environmental condition when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced
Extinction
46
Providing reinforcement contingent on a frequency that is equal to or less than a prescribed limit
(DRL) Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior
47
Providing reinforcement for a behavior that is impossible to perform concurrently with a target behavior
(DRI) Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
48
Providing reinforcement for a behavior that is of a different form but serves the same function as a target behavior
(DRA) Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
49
Providing reinforcement contingent on the nonoccurrence of a target behavior
(DRO) Differential reinforcement of other behavior
50
The removal of the opportunity to earn reinforcement for a fixed amount of time
Time-out
51
The removal of a reinforcing activity for a fixed amount of time
Non-seclusionary time-out
52
The removal of the student from a reinforcing activity to observe others for a fixed amount of time
Exclusionary time-out
53
The removal of the student from an instructional setting for a fixed amount of time
Seclusionary time-out
54
The universe is lawful
Determinism
55
The practice of objective observation
Empiricism
56
Ruling out all simple causes before excepting complicated ones
Parsimony
57
An added antecedent stimulus that increases the likelihood that an Sd will evoke a desired response
Prompt
58
Continuously testing truth
Philosophic Doubt
59
An antecedent stimulus that evokes a response because it has been paired with reinforcement in the past
(Sd) Discriminative stimulus
60
Founder of Radical Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner
61
S-R Behaviorist
J.B. Watson
62
Behaviorism that includes private events
Radical Behaviorism
63
Theoretical entities that cannot be verified
Hypothetical Constructs
64
A fictitious variable that is often another name for behavior
Explanatory Fiction
65
ABA is designed to improve socially significant behavior
Applied
66
The subject of improvement in applied behavior analysis
Behavior
67
When a study has demonstrated a functional relation
Analytic
68
Whenever you target a behavior for reduction you must also target a behavior for increase
Fair pair rule
69
When a study is clearly written so others can use the results
Technological
70
When a study is based on the basic principles of behavior
Conceptually systematic
71
When a meaningful change in behavior has occurred
Effective
72
When the results of the study last over time or show up in different environments
Generality
73
The removal of a reinforcer contingent on an inappropriate behavior
Response cost
74
The value of the data as measured by the y-axis
Level
75
Reinforcing individual responses to form a complex behavior
Chaining
76
Responding differently in the presence of different stimuli
Discrimination
77
The circumstances in which an organism exists
Environment
78
A target behavior
Dependent variable
79
A specific Intervention or baseline
Independent variable
80
To make statements about the occurrence of future events based on observation of past events
Prediction
81
Systematic observation that allows scientists to make hypotheses
Description
82
When a study reveals that changes in one event can produce changes in other events
Functional relation
83
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
3-term contingency
84
Behavior that is elicited by an antecedent
Respondent behavior
85
All the behaviors a person can do
Repertoire
86
A stimulus that does not affect behavior
Neutral stimulus
87
All learned behaviors in a repertoire are the result of what happens after a behavior occurs
Selection by consequence

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