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SAFMEDS > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

The addition of a stimulus following a response that increases
the response occurring in the future

A

Positive Reinforcement

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2
Q

The removal of a stimulus following a response that increases
the response in the future

A

Negative Reinforcement

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3
Q

Any consequence that decreases the frequency of a response occurring in the future

A

Punishment

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4
Q

A stimulus that is presented or removed after a response that maintains or increase the behavior occurring in the future

A

Reinforcer

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5
Q

A stimulus that is presented or removed after a response that decreases the behavior occurring in the future

A

Punisher

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6
Q

When responding occurs in the presences of an antecedent stimulus and does not occur in its absence

A

Stimulus control

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7
Q

A stimulus that comes before a response

A

Antecedent

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8
Q

A stimulus that comes after a response

A

Consequence

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9
Q

Demonstrating a behavior so in can be imitated

A

Modeling

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10
Q

Reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior

A

Shaping

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11
Q

The science in which the procedures derived from the study of
behavior are applied to produce meaningful improvements in socially significant behaviors

A

(ABA) Applied behavior Analysis

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12
Q

Paring a neutral antecedent stimulus with an unconditioned antecedent stimulus to elicit a response

A

Respondent conditioning

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13
Q

Paring a behavior with a reinforcing or punishing consequence to increase or decrease the future probability of the behavior
occurring again

A

Operant conditioning

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14
Q

Performing a behavior with sufficient accuracy and speed to increase the likelihood of maintenance and generalization

A

Fluency

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15
Q

Performing a behavior over time, long after training

A

Maintenance

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16
Q

Performing a behavior under different conditions from training or emitting a different behavior that serves the same purpose as
the one taught in training

A

Generalization

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17
Q

Environmental events or changes in those events that have the
potential to affect behavior

A

Stimuli

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18
Q

An organism’s interaction with the environment that produces a
detectable change in the environment

A

Behavior

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19
Q

The number of occurrences of behavior per unit of time

A

Frequency

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20
Q

The form of a behavior

A

Topography

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21
Q

The purpose a behavior serves

A

Function

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22
Q

The amount of time a behavior occurs from its onset to its offset

A

Duration

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23
Q

The amount of time between the onset of a stimulus and the occurrence of a behavior

A

Latency

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24
Q

The amount of force of a behavior

A

Magnitude

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25
Q

Three or more data points

A

Path

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26
Q

The direction of a data path

A

Trend

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27
Q

The difference in the value of the data from baseline to
intervention

A

Change

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28
Q

Stimuli that are biologically important and that do not have to
be conditioned to increase the behavior occurring again under

A

Primary reinforcers or Unconditioned
reinforcers

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29
Q

A biological condition in which a stimulus temporarily looses
reinforcing capacity due to decreased depravation

A

Satiation

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30
Q

A biological condition in which a stimulus is highly reinforcing
due to its absences in the immediate past

A

Depravation

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31
Q

Environmental conditions that alter the effectiveness of a
reinforcing or punishing event and alter the frequency of behavior followed by the event

A

Motivative operations (MO)

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32
Q

Stimuli that gain reinforcing properties by being paired with
primary or previously conditioned reinforcers

A

Secondary reinforcers or
Conditioned reinforcers

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33
Q

A previously neutral stimulus that is paired with a variety of backup reinforcers and thus gains reinforcing capacity when
presented after a behavior

A

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

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34
Q

The environmental arrangement of reinforcing consequences

A

Schedule of reinforcement

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35
Q

Reinforcement provided after every response

A

Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

36
Q

Reinforcement after some, but not all responses

A

Intermittent reinforcement

37
Q

A schedule in which reinforcement is provided on the first
response after a time period

A

Interval schedule

38
Q

A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent on the
frequency of responses

A

Ratio schedule

39
Q

The addition of stimulus that decreases the behavior occurring

A

Type I punishment

40
Q

The removal of a stimulus that decreases the behavior occurring

A

Type II punishment

41
Q

A systematic approach to teaching based on scientifically
demonstrated principles that describe how the environment affects learning

A

Applied behavior analysis

42
Q

Breaking down complex or multiple step behaviors or skills into
small, easier to teach subtasks.

A

Task analysis

43
Q

An observable student response made to an instructional antecedent

A

Active student responding (ASR)

44
Q

An instructional antecedent, a student’s response, and positive or corrective instructional information

A

Learning trial

45
Q

An environmental condition when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced

A

Extinction

46
Q

Providing reinforcement contingent on a frequency that is equal to or less than a prescribed limit

A

(DRL) Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior

47
Q

Providing reinforcement for a behavior that is impossible to perform concurrently with a target behavior

A

(DRI) Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior

48
Q

Providing reinforcement for a behavior that is of a different
form but serves the same function as a target behavior

A

(DRA) Differential reinforcement of
alternative behavior

49
Q

Providing reinforcement contingent on the nonoccurrence of a
target behavior

A

(DRO) Differential reinforcement of
other behavior

50
Q

The removal of the opportunity to earn reinforcement for a
fixed amount of time

A

Time-out

51
Q

The removal of a reinforcing activity for a fixed amount of time

A

Non-seclusionary time-out

52
Q

The removal of the student from a reinforcing activity to
observe others for a fixed amount of time

A

Exclusionary time-out

53
Q

The removal of the student from an instructional setting for a
fixed amount of time

A

Seclusionary time-out

54
Q

The universe is lawful

A

Determinism

55
Q

The practice of objective observation

A

Empiricism

56
Q

Ruling out all simple causes before excepting complicated ones

A

Parsimony

57
Q

An added antecedent stimulus that increases the likelihood that
an Sd will evoke a desired response

A

Prompt

58
Q

Continuously testing truth

A

Philosophic Doubt

59
Q

An antecedent stimulus that evokes a response because it has
been paired with reinforcement in the past

A

(Sd) Discriminative stimulus

60
Q

Founder of Radical Behaviorism

A

B.F. Skinner

61
Q

S-R Behaviorist

A

J.B. Watson

62
Q

Behaviorism that includes private events

A

Radical Behaviorism

63
Q

Theoretical entities that cannot be verified

A

Hypothetical Constructs

64
Q

A fictitious variable that is often another name for behavior

A

Explanatory Fiction

65
Q

ABA is designed to improve socially significant behavior

A

Applied

66
Q

The subject of improvement in applied behavior analysis

A

Behavior

67
Q

When a study has demonstrated a functional relation

A

Analytic

68
Q

Whenever you target a behavior for reduction you must also target a behavior for increase

A

Fair pair rule

69
Q

When a study is clearly written so others can use the results

A

Technological

70
Q

When a study is based on the basic principles of behavior

A

Conceptually systematic

71
Q

When a meaningful change in behavior has occurred

A

Effective

72
Q

When the results of the study last over time or show up in
different environments

A

Generality

73
Q

The removal of a reinforcer contingent on an inappropriate behavior

A

Response cost

74
Q

The value of the data as measured by the y-axis

A

Level

75
Q

Reinforcing individual responses to form a complex behavior

A

Chaining

76
Q

Responding differently in the presence of different stimuli

A

Discrimination

77
Q

The circumstances in which an organism exists

A

Environment

78
Q

A target behavior

A

Dependent variable

79
Q

A specific Intervention or baseline

A

Independent variable

80
Q

To make statements about the occurrence of future events based on observation of past events

A

Prediction

81
Q

Systematic observation that allows scientists to make hypotheses

A

Description

82
Q

When a study reveals that changes in one event can produce changes in other events

A

Functional relation

83
Q

Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence

A

3-term contingency

84
Q

Behavior that is elicited by an antecedent

A

Respondent behavior

85
Q

All the behaviors a person can do

A

Repertoire

86
Q

A stimulus that does not affect behavior

A

Neutral stimulus

87
Q

All learned behaviors in a repertoire are the result of what happens after a behavior occurs

A

Selection by consequence

SAFMEDS (1 decks)

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