Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Personality Psychology > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are the 6 domains of Knowledge?

A
  • Dispositional
    -Biological
  • Intrapsychic
  • Cognitive-Experience
  • Social & Cultural
    -Adjustment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Comprehensiveness

A

Explains most or all known facts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heuristic Value

A

Guides researchers to important discoveries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Testability (or Falsifiability)

A

Makes precise predictions that can be empirically tested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parsimony

A

Contains few premises or assumptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Compatibility and Integration

A

Consistent with what is known in other domains; can be coordinated with other branches of scientific knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

operationalization

A

How dow we define extraversion, happiness, and “regular contact with friends and family?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Empirical Test

A

Designing and running a systematic study based on the specific hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Theory

A

A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do we make observations?

A

We attempt to make reasonable inferences from the behaviour that we observe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

emotional stability

A

Resilient, unflappable, keeps cool under fire, easy going, seldom angry/upset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neuroticism

A

Worrier, frequently feeling ‘blue’, often feels threatened, moody, easily provoked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Self-Report Data (S-Data)?

A
  • Complete a questionnaire or interview about yourself
  • items should cove: Worry, irritability, coolness under fire, resilience, moodness.
  • Items should differentiate highs from lows (i.e., Variability in responses)
    -Items should avoid potential biases (e.g., social desirability, yea-saying or acquiescence)
  • Unstructured items: Open-ended questions
  • Structured items: response options provided
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the advantages for self-Report data?

A

you know yourself in ways others don’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the disadvantages of self-report?

A

-You might not want to admit certain things about yourself
- You might not know certain things about yourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Observer-Data (O-Data)?

A

O-Data: Questionnaire or interviews completed by others who know you (vs. others who don’t know you)
- Ask friends or partner to fill out a questionnaire or interview about you & your behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the advantages of O-Data?

A
  • Observers can give information that isn’t available through other sources
  • You can get more people and more reports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the disadvantages of O-Data?

A
  • You usually rely on the individual to recruit/nominate people that they know
  • Observers may have their own biases & limits of knowledge
19
Q

What is Test Data (T-Data)?

A
  • T-Data: Standardized test data: directly observe behaviour or some other response
  • An objective test of some kind, such as measuring blood pressure or your time in running a mile
20
Q

What are the Advantages of T-Data?

A
  • You can bring out behaviour in a controlled setting or in everyday life, depending of the study
  • Generally prone to less bias than other data sourced like self and observer reports
21
Q

What are the disadvantages of T-Data?

A
  • People might guess what personality trait you’re measuring and alter their behaviour (and subsequently, might make a wrong guess about what its about)
  • Experimenters themselves may influence participants to get the findings that they expect
22
Q

What is Life Data (L-Data)?

A
  • L-Data: Concrete, real-life, observable outcomes
  • Public record data, such as if you’re married, divorced, have kids, your occupation, income, etc.
23
Q

What are the advantages of L-Data?

A
  • Unlike other measures, these outcomes have clear importance in people’s lives
24
Q

What are the Disadvantages of L-Data?

A
  • You often need other forms to provide the psychological context
25
Q

Reliability

A
  • How much a test represents “true” level of trait being measured
26
Q

Validity

A
  • Extent to which test/indicator measures what it claims to measure
27
Q

Test-Retest Reliability

A
  • Take the test twice - do you get the same score both times?
    Ex: take a personality test today and again next week
28
Q

Inter-Rater Reliability

A
  • Do 2+ observers agree on the same score?
  • Ex: Olympic Judges
29
Q

If we have low reliability, it is either:

A
  • Not a personality construct (it is too variable to be personality)
  • To much error of measurement (random error) –> Too much noise to get a good signal
30
Q

What are the different types of validity?

A
  • Contract validity
  • Face validity
  • Convergent Validity
  • Discriminant Validity
  • Predictive or criterion Validity
31
Q

Construct Validity

A

A test that measures what it claims to measure. Broad category that includes face, convergent, & discriminant validity

32
Q

Face Validity

A

Does the test, on the surface, appears to measure that it is supposed to measure

33
Q

Convergent Validity

A

Does the test correlate with other measures that it should correlate with?

34
Q

Discriminant Validity

A

Does the test not correlate to measures should not correlate with

35
Q

Predictive or criterion validity

A

Does the test predict criteria external to the test?

36
Q

Idiographic Approach

A

Every person is unique, focus in-depth on the individual level of data

37
Q

Nomothetic Approach

A

General laws that apply to most, if not all, people; focus on many people

38
Q

Case Studies

A

In-depth examination of the life of one person

Advantage: Provide in-depth knowledge about outstanding figure, such as a political or religious figure

Disadvantage: Limited generalizability, Potential bias, Ambiguous about causality

39
Q

Correlation Studies

A

A statistical procedure for determining whether there is a relationship between two variables

Advantages: Naturalistic, Easily reported/interpreted effect size (r), Replicable (Compared to a case study)

Disadvantages: Directionality problem (correlation not equal to causation). Third variable problem

40
Q

Between Participant

A

different people in different conditions

41
Q

Within-participant

A

some people in both conditions

42
Q

What does HARKing stand for?

A

Hypothesizing After Results Are Known

43
Q

Six principles of Open Science

A

Open data
Open source
Open Access
Open Methodolgy
Open Peer Review
Open Educational Resources

44
Q
A

Personality Psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions