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Tudor History A-level > Key terms > Flashcards

Key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Clergy

A

Formal leaders within an established religion

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2
Q

Laity

A

the people of a religious faith as distinguished from the clergy

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3
Q

chancellor

A

A person in a position of the highest or high rank

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4
Q

Legatus a latere

A

a cardinal who is appointed by the pope to represent him on a specific mission

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5
Q

excommunicate

A

to officially exclude someone from attending the services of the Christian Church

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6
Q

heresy

A

belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious doctrine

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7
Q

purgatory

A

a place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven

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8
Q

Indulgences

A

granted full or partial remission of the punishment of sin

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9
Q

Martyr

A

a person who voluntarily suffers death as the penalty of witnessing to and refusing to renounce a religion

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10
Q

Lollard

A

a follower of the English religious reformer John Wyclif

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11
Q

Predestination

A

the belief people have no control over any events as god or fate already has it planned out

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12
Q

Royal Supremacy

A

the legal sovereignty of the king over the law of the Church of England

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13
Q

Humanism

A

a reliance on science and reason rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world

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14
Q

Avarice

A

Extreme greed for wealth or material gain

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15
Q

Anti-clericalism

A

opposition to religious authority, typically in politics or socially

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16
Q

Annullment

A

declaring a marriage invalid (KH8 first marriage)

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17
Q

consummated

A

the completion of something

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18
Q

Faction

A

An organised group of people within a larger group

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19
Q

probate

A

getting official permission to carry out the wishes in the will

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20
Q

praeminure

A

the title of statutes which were designed to protect rights claimed by the English Crown against the encroachment of the Papacy

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21
Q

prerogative

A

a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class

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22
Q

evangelical

A

being in agreement with the Christian gospel and trying to spread it

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23
Q

injunction

A

An authoritative warning or order

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24
Q

Bishop of Rome

A

The head of the Roman Catholic Church

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24
Q

Papal Bull

A

An official order issued by the pope

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24
Q

Patronage

A

the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another

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24
Q

Enclosure

A

the abolition of the open field system of agriculture

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25
Q

intercession

A

the act of praying to a deity on the behalf of others

26
Q

regent

A

a person who temporarily ruled a state in place of the monarch when the monarch was unable to fulfil their duties

27
Q

abbey, monastery and priory

A

religious houses of differing sizes

28
Q

abbots

A

head of monastic houses

29
Q

absenteeism

A

a priest who was head of more than one church and was therefor unable to attend them all

30
Q

Act forbidding papal dispensation 1534

A

this act put all ecclesiastical powers in the hands of the monarchs. Prevented priests from having more than one parish.

31
Q

Act of Attainder

A

a punishment for those who committed crimes against the king, stripped of lands and titles

32
Q

Act of Parliament

A

the outcome of a bill that was agreed on by both houses

33
Q

Act of supremacy 1534

A

this act only claimed that Henry should be the head of the Church of England

34
Q

Anabaptists

A

believed in pre-destination and didn’t respect the state having any rights over the Church. they refused to pay tithes or swear loyalty to the monarch

35
Q

annates

A

a monetary payment made by English bishops to the Church in Rome from their first years income from their diocese

36
Q

Antichrist

A

a term of abuse used for the pope

37
Q

Auld alliance

A

a series of agreements signed by Scotland and France, specifically against England, started in 1295

38
Q

auricular

A

relating to the ear, priests would listen to their parishioners’ confessions

39
Q

balance of power

A

England had the balance of power between France and Spain and one could not defeat another without the help of England.

40
Q

benefit of clergy

A

any priest suspected of committing certain crimes could claim benefit of clergy and be tried in a church court where they were much more lenient

41
Q

biretta

A

a square cap worn by catholic clergy

42
Q

Canon Law

A

the law of church compared to statute which is created by parliament

43
Q

chantry

A

an individual or group of people joining together to provide funds to hold masses for their souls after they died

44
Q

conformism

A

when Catholics outwardly conformed to the church of England whilst secretly maintaining their own beliefs

45
Q

consort

A

usually a role taken by the queen who accompanied the king to court

46
Q

consubstantiation

A

the doctrine that bread and wine coexists with the body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist.

47
Q

Dry stamp

A

a stamp with Henry’s signature that was used by members of the privy council on documents that needed KH8’s signature. used when he was bedridden.

48
Q

Easter sepulchre

A

an elaborate structure within many medieval churches which recreated Christ’s tomb and was used for the ceremonies of Easter

49
Q

entry fines

A

the lump sum a tenant would have to pay up front if he took over a piece of land or if his tenancy was renewed

50
Q

Erastian

A

when the head of state is also head of Church

51
Q

first act of succession 1534

A

declared Henry and Catherine of Aragon’s marriage invalid, declared Mary to be illegitimate

52
Q

Habsburg

A

the family name of Charles V and the kings of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperors during the years of 1529-70

53
Q

Homily

A

a short sermon often placing the teaching within an example from the bible

54
Q

Huguenot

A

a member of the protestant reformed church of France

55
Q

Iconoclasm

A

the destruction of religious images

56
Q

labouring poor

A

those who were employed but didn’t earn enough to support their families. this may have been due low wages or insufficient demand in workers

57
Q

liturgy

A

a collective term for the established practices of the church, including the language and rituals of the services

58
Q

mark

A

old English money; one mark is equivalent to 65p today

59
Q

middling sort

A

those who had occupations in the towns such as merchants, lawyers or financiers.

60
Q

militia

A

a locally raised fighting force of men with limited military training

61
Q

Missal

A

the book used by the priest that contained the liturgy

62
Q

mortuary fees

A

imposed by the church, this was a payment made to the priests on the burial of someone, by their relative

63
Q

nepotism

A

the promotion of ones family to lucrative positions rather than those with the ability

64
Q

omni-competent

A

Latin term somewhat meaning ‘capable of anything’

65
Q

ordinal

A

the published service for the ordination of priests as laid down by canon law

Tudor History A-level (2 decks)

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