key terms

Question 1

Group rewards are contingent on all group members performance

Answer 1

Interdependent Group Contingency

Question 2

Contingency is presented to the whole group and each member who meets the specified criteria receives reinforcement independent of whether others meet the criteria

Answer 2

Independent Group Contingency

Question 3

The group receives a reward if one person or a small group of people meet the specified criteria

Answer 3

Dependent Group Contingency(hero procedure)

Question 4

The extent to which the reported data match the true values of the event

Answer 4

accuracy

Question 5

the extent to which the reported data are truly from the targeted behavior of interest

Answer 5

validity

Question 6

the extent to which the repeated measurement of the data would result in the same values

Answer 6

reliability

Question 7

A=A; a stimulus functions as an equal to itself

Answer 7

reflexivity

Question 8

if A=B, then B=A; after being explicitly taught a relation, the reversal of the stimulus would still be true

Answer 8

symmetry

Question 9

if A=B and B=C, then A=C; after being explicitly taught 2 equivalent relations, an equivalent relation can be derived from the other 2 stimuli

Answer 9

transitivity

Question 10

a behavior which occurs as a collateral effect of other behaviors being reinforced periodically; a behavior which occurs in the interim when the target behavior will not be reinforced

Answer 10

adjunctive behavior

Question 11

a direct, data-based method of assessing the effectiveness of specific stimuli as reinforcers when presented after the occurrence of a target behavior by measuring the future effects of that stimuli on the rate of responding

Answer 11

Reinforcer Assessment

Question 12

independent reinforcement schedules that are available simultaneously that may or may now have discriminative stimuli and involve two or more response classes

Answer 12

Concurrent schedules of reinforcement

Question 13

independent reinforcement schedules that occur one at a time in any order without a discriminative stimulus and involve a single response class

Answer 13

Mixed schedules of reinforcement

Question 14

independent reinforcement schedules that occur one at a time in any order signaled by a discriminative stimulus and involve a single response class

Answer 14

multiple schedules of reinforcement

Question 15

independent schedules of reinforcement that occur successively in a specific order signaled by a discriminative stimulus and can involve more than one response class

Answer 15

Chained schedules of reinforcement

Question 16

independent schedules of reinforcement that occur successively in a specific order without a discriminative stimulus and can involve more than one response class

Answer 16

Tandem schedules of reinforcement

Question 17

Reinforcement schedules presented simultaneously, including both a ratio and an interval schedule in which the learner contacts reinforcement when the criteria is met for either schedule

Answer 17

Alternative Schedules of reinforcement

Question 18

Reinforcement schedules presented simultaneously, including both a ratio and an interval schedule in which the learner contacts reinforcement when the criteria for both schedules are met

Answer 18

Conjunctive schedules of reinforcement

Question 19

a motivating operation which produces value-altering effects without prior learning

Answer 19

UMO(Unconditioned motivating operation)

Question 20

a motivating operation which produces value-altering effects due to prior learning

Answer 20

CMO(Conditioned motivating operation)

Question 21

motivating operation that produces the same effect as another motivating operation due to pairing

Answer 21

CMO-Surrogate

Question 22

motivating operation that alters a relation to itself

Answer 22

CMO-reflexive

Question 23

motivating operation that makes another stimuli a more effective reinforcer

Answer 23

CMO-Transitive

Question 24

Observer’s count who collected the smallest count total divided by the observer’s count who collected the largest count total during the observation period

Answer 24

Total Count IOA

Question 25

observation period is broken into smaller intervals and the percent agreement is calculated for each interval individually, then averaged together based on the total number of intervals

Answer 25

Mean Count-per-interval IOA

Question 26

data collected from smaller intervals of observation period written as the percent of intervals in which the observers recorded the exact same count

Answer 26

Exact count per interval IOA

Question 27

Number of trials in agreement divided by the total number of trials

Answer 27

Trial-by-trial IOA

Question 28

the shorter total duration of the target behavior divided by the longer total duration of the target behavior

Answer 28

total duration IOA

Question 29

x-axis(horizontal axis)

Answer 29

abscissa

Question 30

y-axis(vertical axis)

Answer 30

ordinate

Question 31

experimentally arranging the antecedents or consequences of target behavior in order to determine its function

Answer 31

functional analysis

Question 32

A method of obtaining information about the functions a problem behavior serves for a person; results are used to guide the design of an intervention for decreasing the problem behavior and increasing appropriate behavior

Answer 32

functional behavioral assessment

Question 33

when the controlling verbal stimulus and the response product are in the same sense mode and the stimulus and the response product resemble each other in the physical sense of resemblance

Answer 33

formal similarity

Question 34

occurs when the parts of a verbal stimulus correspond to the parts of a verbal response and do not have to physically match each other

Answer 34

point-to-point correspondence

Question 35

interventions chosen are socially significant to the learner and will improve their life

Answer 35

applied

Question 36

interventions must deal with a specified, measurable behavior

Answer 36

behavioral

Question 37

interventions must show functional relationship

Answer 37

Analytic

Question 38

intervention and all of its operant procedures are described with enough detail so as to be replicated

Answer 38

technological

Question 39

interventions, as well as explanations of how/why they were effective should be described in terms of relevant behavioral principle

Answer 39

conceptually systematic

Question 40

interventions should change/improve the behavior to a high enough degree to be socially significant

Answer 40

effective

Question 41

the intervention produced behaviors that lasted over time, appear in environments/situations other than the one it was taught, and has a positive effect on other behaviors

Answer 41

generality

Question 42

objective observation and measurement

Answer 42

empiricism

Question 43

controlled comparison of two or more conditions in which one factor is changed at time

Answer 43

experimentation

Question 44

continually question what is believed to be scientific fact

Answer 44

philosophical doubt

Question 45

the value of a statement is based on the degree to which the statement promotes effective action

Answer 45

pragmatism

Question 46

repeated presentation of a stimulus so that behavior it elicits is gradually diminished

Answer 46

habituation

Question 47

the degree to which an individual's repertoire has been changed to increase long- and short- term reinforcers and decrease punishers

Answer 47

habilitation

Question 48

a known skill/behavior is not being evoked by the SD because of a competing stimuli garnering all of the learner's attention

Answer 48

masking

Question 49

a skill or behavior isn't being learned due to another stimuli competing with the learner's attention

Answer 49

overshadowing

Question 50

Would the results have been the same if the order of the treatment was different?

Answer 50

sequence effect

Question 51

Has the prior treatment influenced the learner in a permanent way?

Answer 51

carry-over effect

Question 52

A tool used when a learner has mastered all critical steps of a behavior chain so that when a learner is blocked from engaging in a predetermined step, a new behavior(typically a mand) is required in order to complete the chain

Answer 52

behavior chain interruption strategy(BCIS)

Question 53

A tool used when a learner has mastered all critical steps of a behavior chain so that when it is made impossible for the learner to complete a specified step in the chain, a new behavior(mand) is required

Answer 53

Interrupted chain procedure(ICP)

Question 54

A variation of forward task training in which the learner receives instruction on every step of the chain each time it is presented using least-to-most prompted that is faded as needed

Answer 54

total task chaining(total-task presentation, whole task presentation)

Question 55

individuals behavior as influenced by their own experiences/learning history

Answer 55

ontogenic

Question 56

individuals behaviors as influenced by their biology/species

Answer 56

phylogenic

Question 57

a study which answers the question, "Which intervention is more effective?"

Answer 57

comparative analysis

Question 58

a study which answers the question, "Which element of this treatment package is the most effective?"

Answer 58

component analysis

Question 59

a study which answers the question, "How much of this intervention is necessary for it to be effective?"

Answer 59

parametric analysis

Question 60

when extinction occurs, a learner may engage in a new response

Answer 60

response differentiation

Question 61

when extinction occurs, a learner temporarily has increased changeability in of the response class topography for the response class for which reinforcement is being withheld

Answer 61

extinction-induced variability

Question 62

a group of responses which vary in topography and produce the same effect on the environment

Answer 62

response class

Question 63

a group of stimulus which share elements of formal, temporal, or functional dimensions

Answer 63

stimulus class

Question 64

a sequence of events must be completed correctly and within a certain time in order for reinforcement to be available

Answer 64

behavior chain with a limited hold

Question 65

a self-directed behavior change technique in which the learner engages in the undesirable behavior repeatedly in order to decrease future occurances

Answer 65

massed practice

Question 66

a form of overcorrection where when the learner errors, they repeat the correct behavior a set number of times or a behavior incompatible with the error

Answer 66

positive practice overcorrection

Question 67

a form of error correction in which when the learner errors, they repair any damage/restore the environment to it's state before the behavior, then engage in behaviors to bring the environment to a better state than it was

Answer 67

restitutional overcorrection

Question 68

a type of verbal behavior where the response is under the control of a verbal stimulus with formal similarity and a history of generalized reinforcement

Answer 68

duplic

Question 69

a verbal behavior which is under the control of a verbal stimulus that doesn't have point-to-point correspondence

Answer 69

intraverbal

Question 70

method of teaching for generalization which entails a systematically selecting teaching examples that represent the full range of stimulus situations and response requirements

Answer 70

general case analysis

Question 71

momentary time sampling where the observer measures the number of clients/students engaged in a behavior/activity at the end of every interval

Answer 71

planned activity check(PLACHECK)

Question 72

simplest explanations with the fewest assumptions

Answer 72

parsimonious

Question 73

with operant conditioning, an organism can be reinforced for a behavior without being aware of it

Answer 73

automaticity of reinforcement

Question 74

when there are multiple schedules of reinforcement for a behavior, if one of them changes to increase the frequency of responding in the presence of that schedules SD, the rate of responding will decrease in presence of the SD for the other schedule of reinforcement

Answer 74

behavioral contrast

Question 75

an organism will allocate more responses to the schedule in a concurrent schedule that produces more reinforcement; the rate of responding is proportional to the rate at which reinforcement is received

Answer 75

matching law

Question 76

reinforcement is only available for a limited time once criteria is met for an FI or VI schedule

Answer 76

limited hold

Question 77

the immediacy that of some event after a behavior which leads to superstition

Answer 77

contiguity