Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio IB SL > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Proteins

A

Controls and builds structure for cellular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nucleolus

A

Synthesizes rRNA and Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ribosomes

A

Assemble polypeptides
- bound to the endoplasmic reticulum for use outside of cell
- free floating in the cytoplasm for use inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Transports and modified proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Golgi body

A

Packages proteins for export or internal use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer regulating passage of substances in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vesicles

A

A membrane bound sac used to transport materials around the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mitochondria

A

Uses oxygen to break down molecules to synthesize ATP from ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Provides support for vesicle and membrane movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gene

A

Segment of DNA which code for polypeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gene expression

A

A segment of the DNA that is actively being transcribed to produce a polypeptide that will fold into a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mutation

A

When a change in the order of bases I’m DNA( genetic code )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DNA protection from mutations

A

Being :
- double stranded for stability
- being enclosed in a nuclear membrane as to not be affected by metabolic processes outside
- being wrapped around histone proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transcription

A

The process of synthesizing mRNA using a DNA template

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RNA polymerase

A

The catalyst for transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nucleotides

A

Building blocks ( monomers) of nucleic acids ( DNA and RNA) consisting of a sugar , phosphate and nitrogen base ( A,T, U,G,C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mRNA

A

Long and linear , and carries the order of bases from DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tRNA

A

Contains 3 exposed nucleotide bases and an associated amino acid attached called an anticodon . The anticodon identifies the specific type of amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Carbohydrates

A

All consist of the elements
: carbon , hydrogen and oxygen

Main roles :
- provide energy :- main respiratory substrate is glucose
- store energy :- glycogen and starch
- structural - cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Monosaccharides formula

A

CnH2n0n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hexose

A

A monosaccharide composed of six carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pentose

A

A monosaccharide composed of 5 carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glucose properties

A
  • aerobic respiration to provide ATP
  • soluble - good for transportation
    -Main product of photosynthesis
  • stable structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Disaccharides

A

Formed when two monosaccharides are joined together via a condensation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Maltose

A

A disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules joined by a glycosidic linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Lactose

A

A disaccharide formed from one glucose and one galactose molecule joined together by a glycosidic linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sucrose

A

A disaccharide formed from one glucose and one fructose molecule joined together by a glycosidic linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Glycosidic linkage

A

Covalent bonds formed when monosaccharides are joined together in condensation reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Condensation reactions

A

When two molecules are joined together with a covalent bond to form a larger molecule and a water molecule is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

When a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules by the addition of a water molecule and the breaking of a covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

A reaction that requires energy to synthesize larger molecules from smaller molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

A reaction that produces smaller molecules by hydrolysis of larger molecules , with the release of energy .

33
Q

Polysaccharides

A

A polymer consisting of many monosaccharides monomers covalently bonded together

34
Q

Amylose

A

A linear polysaccharide that is part of a starch molecule , consisting of a-glucose molecules, connected by a1-4 glycosidic linkages

35
Q

Amylopectin

A

A branched polysaccharide that is part of a starch molecule, consisting of a-glucose molecules connected by both a1-4 and a1-6 glycosidic linkages

36
Q

Glycogen

A

A branched polysaccharide of a-glucose that serves as an energy store in animal cells

37
Q

Cellulose

A

A polysaccharide composed of b-glucose molecules that is the main structural component of plant cell walls

38
Q

Fats

A

A type of lipid , primarily composed of saturated fatty acids , that are solid or semi solid at room temperature

39
Q

Oils

A

A type of lipid , primarily composed of unsaturated fatty acids , that are liquid at room temperature

40
Q

Steroid

A

A type of lipid with a molecular structure that includes 4 interconnected carbon rings

41
Q

Wax

A

A type of lipid composed of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols that is typically solid at room temperature

42
Q

Triglycerides

A

Made up of three fatty acids covalently bonded to one glycerol molecule

43
Q

Glycerol

A

A three-carbon alcohol with chemical formula or C3H8O3, that forms the backbone for triglycerides and phospholipids

44
Q

Fatty acid

A

A long chain organic molecule consisting of a carboxyl group at one end and hydrocarbon tail

45
Q

Saturated

A

All carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon tail are linked by single bonded

46
Q

Monounsaturated

A

Has one C-C double bond

47
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

Has more than one C-C double bond

48
Q

Phospholipids

A

Made up of one phosphate group and two fatty acids covalently bonded to one glycerol molecule

49
Q

Anphipathic

A

A molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

50
Q

Amine group

A

Consists of a nitrogen atom attached to two hydrogen atoms

51
Q

Carboxyl group

A

Consists of a carbon atom attached to an OH group and another oxygen atom

52
Q

R group

A

The variable side group of amino acids

53
Q

alpha carbon

A

Central carbon of amino acids

54
Q

Essential amino acids

A

Must be consumed in the diet

55
Q

No essential amino acids

A

Can be made from other amino acids

56
Q

Dipeptide

A

Two amino acids joined together by a peptide linkage

57
Q

Primary structure

A

The order of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain

58
Q

Quaternary structure

A

The arrangement and interaction of two or more polypeptide chains to form a functional protein

59
Q

Non conjugated protein

A

Consists of only amino acids in one or more polypeptide chain

60
Q

Conjugated proteins

A

Not only consists of amino acids but also one or more prosthetic group which plays a role in the proteins function

61
Q

Prosthetic group

A

A non-protein group which can be either organic or inorganic

62
Q

Fibrous protein

A

Structural proteins characterized by its elongated , insoluble and repetitive amino acid sequences , providing strength and stability to tissue organs of the body

63
Q

Globular proteins

A

Compact proteins with a spherical shape , often soluble in water and typically involved in metabolic roles in the body

64
Q

Active site

A

A region on an enzyme where the sun substrate binds

65
Q

Specificity

A

The ability of an enzyme to selectively recognize and bind to a specific substrate

66
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum level of energy required to enable a chemical reaction to occur and proceed to the product form the reactant

67
Q

Semi-conservative

A

Each new molecule of DNA produced during replication has one original (parent) strand and one new strand

68
Q

Helicase

A

The enzyme responsible for unzipping and unwinding DNA during replication

69
Q

DNA polymerase

A

The enzyme responsible for building new strands in DNA replication

70
Q

Taq polymerase

A

Heat stable polymerase used in PCR ( polymerase chain reaction )

71
Q

Restriction enzymes

A

Are used to cut DNA into fragments

72
Q

Gel electrophoresis

A

A technique used to separate fragments of DNA by applying an electric current

73
Q

Degeneracy

A

Multiple codons or set of three nucleotides can code for the same amino acid during protein synthesis

74
Q

Point mutation

A

A change in a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence

75
Q

Genotype

A

The combination of alleles for a gene inherited by an organism

76
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable traits of an organism based on genotype and environmental factors

77
Q

Test cross

A

Crossing unknown dominant phenotype with homozygous recessive to determine genotype

78
Q

Homozygous

A

Two copies of the same allele

79
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different alleles present

Bio IB SL (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions