Key terms

Question 1

Agentic state

Answer 1

People believe they are acting on behalf of an authority figure

Question 1

Agentic shift

Answer 1

Shift from taking responsibility of actions (autonomous state) to a state of believing they are acting a certain way on behalf of an authority figure (agentic state)

Question 2

Augmentation principle

Answer 2

Minority appears willing to suffer for their views and are seen as committed and taken seriously

Question 3

Authoritarian aggression

Answer 3

Aggressive feelings for people who violate conventional norms

Question 4

Authoritarian personality

Answer 4

Belief in obedience or submissions to authority

Question 5

Authoritarian submission

Answer 5

Uncritical submission to legitimate authority

Question 6

Autonomous state

Answer 6

People take responsibility for their actions

Question 7

Boomerang effect

Answer 7

Unintended consequence of social norms interventions where people adopt opposing position to that intended

Question 8

Commitment

Answer 8

Members of minority are dedicated to cause or activity. The more commitment means greater influence

Question 9

Compliance

Answer 9

Going along with others to gain approval or avoid disapproval. Individual can adjust behaviour to groups behaviour. No change in attitude, only public behaviour

Question 10

Confederate

Answer 10

Not real pp - instructed how to behave

Question 11

Conformity

Answer 11

Exposure to majority position and ends up with compliance. Adopt behaviour, attitude and values.

Question 12

Consistency

Answer 12

Minority influence is effective and there is an agreement among different members of the minority

Question 13

Conventionalism

Answer 13

Adherence to conventional norms and values

Question 14

Deception

Answer 14

PP is not told true aims so pp cannot give truly informed consent

Question 15

Demand characteristics

Answer 15

Cue which makes pp’s aware of what researcher expects to find or how pp’s are expected to behave

Question 16

Dispositional explanation

Answer 16

Explanation of behaviour which emphasises individual’s own personal characteristics rather than situational (environment) influences

Question 17

Dissent

Answer 17

Opposing view to majority

Question 18

Dogmatic

Answer 18

Refusing to consider others justified opinions

Question 19

Ecological validity

Answer 19

How generalizable experimental findings are to real world

Question 20

Externality

Answer 20

People who believe their behaviour and experiences are caused by events outside their control

Question 21

F-scale

Answer 21

Measure of authoritarian traits or tendencies

Question 22

Flexibility

Answer 22

Willingness to compromise when expressing a position

Question 23

Historical validity

Answer 23

Extent to where research can be generalised over time

Question 24

Identification

Answer 24

Form of influence where individual adopts attitude or behaviour to be associated with a person or group

Question 25

Informational social influence

Answer 25

Result of wanting to be right - looking to others for the right answer

Question 26

Informed consent

Answer 26

PP’s must be given information about the nature and purpose of study and their role for it

Question 27

Internalisation

Answer 27

Going along for acceptance of POV. Result of examination of group’s position and can lead to validation of person’s or groups view

Question 28

Internality

Answer 28

People who believe they are responsible for their actions and experiences

Question 29

Legitimate authority

Answer 29

Person or organisation given command through legislation or general agreement

Question 30

Locus of control

Answer 30

Degree to which people believe they are matters of their own life, internal (people believe they control) or external (believe what happens to them is controlled by outside forces - luck)

Question 31

Meta-analysis

Answer 31

Researcher looks at findings from multiple studies to create a general conclusion about a hypothesis

Question 32

Minority influence

Answer 32

Members of majority change beliefs or behaviour due to actions of one or few people

Question 33

Normative social influence

Answer 33

Wanting to be liked and accepted as part of a group by following its norms

Question 34

Obedience to authority

Answer 34

Somebody acts in response to direct order. They may not have acted this way without the order

Question 35

Protection from harm

Answer 35

PP’s should not expect negative physical effects - physical injury, lowered self-esteem

Question 36

Right-wing authoritarainism

Answer 36

Cluster of personality variables (submission and aggression)

Question 37

Self-efficacy

Answer 37

Person’s belief they can succeed in a particular position

Question 38

Snowball effect

Answer 38

Minority influence has a small effect but then spreads widely as more people consider issue being promoted

Question 39

Social change

Answer 39

Society adopts new belief or way of behaving which will then be accepted as a norm

Question 40

Social norms interventions

Answer 40

Correct misperceptions of normative behaviour of peers in attempt to change undesirable behaviour of population

Question 41

Social roles

Answer 41

Behaviours expected of individual who occupies given social position or status

Question 42

Social support

Answer 42

Care and assistance from others