Key Terms

Question 1

Axial Age

Answer 1

A period of time where many new religions and philosophies began. When thinking/belief “turned the world on its axis” according to Historian Karl Jaspers.

AKA a “pivotal” age or a “REVOLUTION”

Question 2

Religion Vs. Philosophy

Answer 2

Religions and Philosophies BOTH have rules/ideas about how to live your life.

Religions include concepts about higher power and afterlife.

Philosophies can be more personal/changed more easily than religions.

Question 3

Islam

Answer 3

Islam
The faith, “submission”
A Muslim is Someone who practices Islam.

There are 1.8 billion Muslims in the world today.

Angel Muhammad claimed an Angel told him that he was the LAST prophet.
Similar to Abraham, Moses, & Jesus Muhammad declares there is one God (Allah)

He told on Meccans to reject idols + polytheism
Preaches Islam (submission to God)

Question 4

Mahammed and his story

Answer 4

He founded Islam in 570CE Muhammad born in Mecca in
Orphaned by age 6.
Adopted by his uncle, Abu Talib, when his grandfather dies
At 25, he marries the wealthy merchant Khadija

622 CE – Muhammad flees Mecca to medina for safety from critics

His journey was called the “Hijrah”

630CE he returned to mecca after destroying idols.

Dedicates Ka’bah to God. The Ka’bah now is the most sacred mosque.

Question 5

Islam Major Beliefes

Answer 5

Belief in one God
Previous prophets like Abraham, Moses and Jesus spread God’s message
Muhammad is the LAST prophet

Question 6

The Quran

Answer 6

The holy text of Islam, written in Arabic; meaning changes when translated

Question 7

5 Pillars of Islam

Answer 7

Shahadah-Faith
Salat-Prayer
Zakat-Alms
Sawm-Fasting
Hai-Pilgrimage

Question 8

Shahadah

Answer 8

“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger” Muslims Recite this times a day.

Question 9

Salat

Answer 9

-Pray 5 times a day, facing towards Mecca

Question 10

Zakaat

Answer 10

Give to the poor

Question 11

Sawm

Answer 11

Fasting on Ramadan

Question 12

Hajj

Answer 12

On a pilgrimage to Mecca, every Muslim should go at least once in life if they could.

Question 13

Groups of Islam

Answer 13

After Muhammad’s death, two groups formed:

Shi’a - believed leaders should be direct descendants of Muhammad

Sunni- believed leaders could be anyone who upheld the teachings of Muhammad

Question 14

Muslim’s place

Answer 14

Mosques with Imams = spiritual leaders

Question 15

Hinduism

Answer 15

Hinduism is a world religious tradition that combines the beliefs, cultural practices, and philosophy of ancient and modern India. It began in the Indus Valley possibly as early as 10,000 BCE, with no single founder.

Question 16

Vedas

Answer 16

Sacred Scriptures of Hinduism

Question 17

Dharma

Answer 17

One’s role in life.
If one goes against their dharma, it results in bad karma.

Question 18

Karma

Answer 18

total of your actions
positive if one does good
negative if one does a bad
determines future placement in life

Question 19

Samsara

Answer 19

cycle of life, death, and rebirth
During life one accumulates karma by fulfilling their dharma (or not)

Death leads to the judgment of the Karma a person has accumulated in life.

Question 20

Moksha

Answer 20

freedom from samsara and moksha is the ultimate goal of Hinduism achieved by meditation, self-realization, and living according to Hinduism

Question 21

Brahman

Answer 21

universal energy/force
takes the form of many different gods and goddesses

Question 22

Atman

Answer 22

The soul that exists within an individual person.

Question 23

Relationship between Brahman & Atman

Answer 23

A Hindu’s spiritual goal is to unite his or her soul with Brahman AKA moksha

Question 24

Polytheism

Answer 24

Polytheism is believing in multiple gods Hindus believe in multiple Gods and that they represent endless different qualities and powers of Brahman.

Question 25

Buddhism

Answer 25

The Offshoot of Hinduism originated 2,500 years ago in India founded by Siddhartha Gautama. Buddhists believe that human life is one of suffering driven by desire and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment or nirvana.

Question 26

Four Noble Truths of Buddhism

Answer 26

1. Suffering is universal
2. The cause of suffering is the desire
3. Suffering can be relieved
4. The Eightfold Path will relieve suffering

Question 27

The eightfold path

Answer 27

the path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must practice: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.

Question 28

Nirvana

Answer 28

Nirvana relieves yourself of suffering and the cycle of rebirth.

Question 29

Monotheism

Answer 29

the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.

Question 30

Animism

Answer 30

the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence

Question 31

Judaism

Answer 31

A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament. approx 1800 BCE).

Question 32

Christianity

Answer 32

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. 4 or 6 BC

Question 33

Abraham

Answer 33

Founder of Judaism, the Hebrew man god revealed himself

Question 34

Torah

Answer 34

The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe are by Moses also used by Christians, are called this.

Question 35

Sabbath/Shabbat

Answer 35

the day from sunset on Friday until sunset on Saturday for Jews is set aside for rest and religious celebration, as decreed by one of the Ten Commandments

Question 36

Synagogue

Answer 36

the building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction.
a Jewish assembly or congregation

Question 37

Crusification

Answer 37

the execution of a person by nailing or binding them to a cross.
“there is little evidence that the Romans used to flog their victims before crucifixion”
the killing of Jesus Christ by crucifixion.
singular proper noun: Crucifixion; noun: the Crucifixion
“Paul appears on the scene within a year or so of the Crucifixion”
an artistic representation or musical composition based on the Crucifixion.
noun: Crucifixion; plural noun: Crucifixions
“Picasso’s Crucifixion of 1930”