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TOK 2013-2014 (11th Grade) > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Ambiguity

A

Unclear; vague or abstruse

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2
Q

Denotation

A

Literal definition meaning; direct

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3
Q

Connotation

A

Word Association

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4
Q

Sarcasm

A

The use of irony to mock; opposite and use of tone

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5
Q

Irony

A

Dramatic - knowing something that another person/character doesn’t. Related to plays
Verbal - Speech, sarcasm
Situational - the situation

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6
Q

Figurative Language

A

Use of devices to explain thoughts -

Metaphor/Simile: Comparison
Imagery: picture in mind;vivid
Symbolism: represent something/object/idea
Analogy: comparison to another object/idea for clarification
Euphemism: Mild replacement for a stronger word

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7
Q

Sapir - Whorf Hypothesis

A

Structure of language that determines a speaker’s perception and experience

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8
Q

Linguistic Determinism

A

Language structure limits knowledge or thought; thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception.

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9
Q

Inductive Reasoning/ Induction

A

Specific to General/Broaden Perspective

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10
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

General to Specific

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11
Q

Syllogism

A

Using 2 premises that are similar, but do not have the same conclusion

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12
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

Using favored information to confirm one’s prior thoughts and beliefs

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13
Q

Rationalism

A

Realist or White Hat; uses fact and evident as opposed to emotion.

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14
Q

Knowledge Claim/ Premise

A

The foundation of reasoning in a deductive reasoning.

logical assertion of truth

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15
Q

Pseudoscience

A

Ideas, claimed facts; mistaken for scientific methods, etc.

Fake Science

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16
Q

Superstition

A

Belief in supernatural activities, or precautions to avoid so

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17
Q

Emotional Proximity

A

How comfortable we feel amongst other people in terms of sharing emotional experiences and events.

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18
Q

Authority Worship

A

Blindly accepting what is told without thinking about it or questioning it.

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19
Q

Bandwagon Effect

A

Doing something simply because a large mass of people are, regardless of their own beliefs and intuition. It is a psychological theory.

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20
Q

Introspection

A

examining one’s own thoughts or feelings

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21
Q

Acquaintance

A

have knowledge upon the matter

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22
Q

Conscience

A

our sense of right and wrong. Basically the divine voice in your head that helps you make decisions.

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23
Q

Empathy

A

To understand and connect to the feelings of others

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24
Q

Emotional Blindness

A

Allowing your emotions to mentally blind you from making good choices.

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25
Q

Romanticism

A

You want to look at the good things, ideal. You are not seeing things clearly because you are hopeful than they situation presents itself.

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26
Q

Sympathy

A

Feeling pity, showing emotion.

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27
Q

Apathy

A

lack of interest or concern, or display of emotion

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28
Q

sensation

A

a physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body.

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29
Q

illusion

A

misinterpreted visual perception

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30
Q

interpretation

A

how one takes in information and understands it

31
Q

scientific realism

A

a position concerning the actual epistemic status of theories

epistemology = theory of knowledge

32
Q

inattentional bias

A

failure to notice a fully-visible

33
Q

pareidolia

A

seeing faces, animals, or shapes in patterns

34
Q

phenomenon

A

a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen

35
Q

figure and ground

A

vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision

Basically correct perception

36
Q

common-sense realism

A

idk mayne

37
Q

visual agnosia

A

the inability of recognizing visually presented objects

38
Q

causation

A

happens because of dat

39
Q

correlation

A

simply coincidence

40
Q

paternity

A

father (paternal)

41
Q

bias

A

being inclined to a certain opinion due to upbringing, culture etc.

Negative term

42
Q

empiricism

A

theories and knowledge come from experience and senses only

43
Q

judgement

A

come to a sensible conclusion

44
Q

justification

A

to back up an idea with the support of contextual evidence

45
Q

experience

A

a series of events that leaves a lasting memory

46
Q

values

A

the importance an item holds

47
Q

trust

A

to have faith and reliability in a person

48
Q

paradigm

A

a typical pattern

societies paradigm on females

49
Q

linguistic relativism

A

Sapir–Whorf hypothesis

lang. shapes our ideas rather than just expressing them

50
Q

generalization

A

to consider things in a larger scope

51
Q

stereotype

A

a widely held idea of a certain ethnicity, person, etc.

52
Q

fallacies

A

misconception; a belief based upon false justification

53
Q

emotive language

A

what writers do. phrasing to make an emotional connection with the reader

54
Q

Threshold

A

the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested.

55
Q

synthesia

A

the production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body

56
Q

Induction

A

using replicable examples of events that are observed to reach a generalization

57
Q

Replicable

A

events or examples must be repeatable or must occur repeated times in order to be known as true, according to Induction

58
Q

Correspondence Test

A

Belief, system, process, facts presented as science, ye lack replicable sets of event or examples to support it.

59
Q

Anomaly

A

an even or example that deviates from a set of replicable events. Is outweighed by a large volume of observed replicable events.

60
Q

Acquaintance

A
  1. knowledge or experience of something.

2. a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend

61
Q

Empiricism

A

the theory that all knowledge is based on experience derived from the senses.

a claim that sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge.

62
Q

Spectrum

A

used to classify something in terms of its position on a scale between two extreme points.

63
Q

Meta Analysis

A

refers to methods that focus on contrasting and combining results from different studies, in the hope of identifying patterns among study results, sources of disagreement among those results, or other interesting relationships that may come to light in the context of multiple studies

64
Q

Executive Function

A

an umbrella term for the management of cognitive processes including the working memory of reasoning, task flexibility, and solving as well as planning, and execution.

People use it to perform activities such as planning, organizing, strategizing, paying attention to and remembering details, and managing time and space.

65
Q

Slippery Slope Arguement

A

a logical device stating that a relatively small first step leafs to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect.

66
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions.

67
Q

Placebo Effect

A

a beneficial effect produced by a placebo drug or treatment, which cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patient’s belief in that treatment.

68
Q

Scarcity

A

shortage.

69
Q

Supply and Demand Concept (Econ)

A

the amount of a commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it, considered as factors regulating its price.

70
Q

Theorem (Math)

A

theory( science) >law (science) >theorem (math)

a general proposition not self-evident but proved by a chain of reasoning; a truth established by means of accepted truths.

71
Q

Axioms (Math)

A

a statement or proposition which is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true.

72
Q

Logic

A

1.reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity.

73
Q

Pure Maths vs. Applied Maths

A

Root word of applied is applications…so it’s how that math would be used…Pure math is more the theory behind it…

74
Q

‘Packing Theorem’

A

IDK

TOK 2013-2014 (11th Grade) (1 decks)

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