key terms

Question 1

genetics

Answer 1

study of genes and their variants (alleles)

Question 2

describe structure of DNA

Answer 2

1. sugar phosphate backbone
2. complementary base pairing
3. anti parallel

Question 3

transcription

Answer 3

RNA polymerase reads DNA then converts it to RNA, then gives rise to proteins in translation

Question 4

translation

Answer 4

condons translate mRNA into proper sequence for a protein/polypeptide(codons determine RNA sequence).

Question 5

gene

Answer 5

composed of intron and exon–>
exon= gives rise to the mRNA and protein
intron= non-coding dna

Question 6

alleles

Answer 6

Different forms of a gene

Question 7

genotype

Answer 7

the genetic constitution of an individual organism

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 9

homologous chromosomes

Answer 9

same genes but different alleles

Question 10

non-homologous chromosomes

Answer 10

Chromosomes that have different genes

Question 11

sister chromatids

Answer 11

Identical copies of a chromosome produced through replication( same genes and same alleles)

Question 12

ploidy

Answer 12

the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell, or in the cells of an organism

number of n: 2n—> ploidy=2, n=ploidy 1; 3n=3

Question 13

diploid

Answer 13

2 sets of chromosomes–> one from the mother, one from father

Question 14

haploid

Answer 14

one set of chromosomes( otherwise known as gametes–> eggs and sperm/pollen

Question 15

Euploid

Answer 15

having the correct number of chromosomes
( euploidy change associated with cancer)

Question 16

Aneuploid

Answer 16

Abnormal number of chromosomes.
( aneuploidy associated with cancer and birth defects)

Question 17

Test cross

Answer 17

-An unknown genotype crossed with a homozygous recessive individual
-useful in determining the genotype of a particular organism

Question 18

haplosufficient

Answer 18

1/2 the dosage still functions showing the phenotype has if it had full dosage( remember albanism example)

Question 19

non-disjunction

Answer 19

missegregation of chromosomes during meiosis 1 or 2

Question 20

unlinked genes

Answer 20

genes on different chromosomes