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Sociology A Level - Theory & Methods > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Validity

A

Explains the “WHY?”

Describes whether the data is true to real life and gives a meaningful picture of what is being studied

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2
Q

Reliability

A

Shows the “WHAT?”

Describes whether data can be replicated/tested by replicating the same methods and conditions

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3
Q

Representativeness

A

Refers to whether the findings can be applied to others with the same characteristics

Depends on the sample

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4
Q

Generalisability

A

Refers to whether broad statements can be made from the data

Depends on the representativeness of the group being studied

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5
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Information usually in the form of numbers

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6
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Information usually in the form of words

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7
Q

Primary Data

A

Information gained directly by the sociologist

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8
Q

Secondary Data

A

Information gained from sources collected by someone that’s not the sociologist

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9
Q

Correlations

A

Statistical relationships between two variables

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10
Q

Objectivity

A

Refers to the researcher remaining value free during the researxh

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11
Q

Subjectivity

A

Refers to where the personal values of the researcher influence the research

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12
Q

Hypothesis

A

A statement that can be tested to see whether it is false

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13
Q

Case Study

A

Research that examines a single example of something in society/a singular person

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14
Q

Comparative Method

A

A method that compares two social groups that are alike apart from one factor

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15
Q

Control Group

A

Refers to a group during experiments which is not exposed to the variable under investigation

Measures changes in the experimental group that is exposed to the other variable

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16
Q

Content Analysis

A

A method of analysing content of documents and media output

17
Q

Close-Ended Questions

A

Questions in a social survey that only allow a choice of answer from a preset list

18
Q

Open-Ended Questions

A

Questions in a social survey that allow respondents to answer in their own words

19
Q

Public Documents

A

Contain info produced by organisations, such as schools

20
Q

Private Documents

A

Contains information created by individuals such as diaries

21
Q

Ethics

A

Issues of right and wrong, usually based on moral principles or guidelines

22
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

Where people in a research study know they are being studied and act differently as a result

23
Q

Informed Consent

A

Where participants are aware and have agreed to be involved with the stufy

24
Q

Interpretivism

A

A non-scientific approach to research which attempts to understand the motivation behind individual actions

25
Q

Positivism

A

A scientific approach to research which attempts to establish laws of cause and effect

26
Q

Interview Schedule

A

The list of questions to be asked in an interview

27
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

Involves a sample of people in which information is collected over an extended period of time

28
Q

Operationalisation

A

The process of turning a sociological concept into something measurable e.g., defining social class by occupation

29
Q

Pilot Study

A

A small-scale, trial run of the research which is designed to identify any problems before the actual research takes place

30
Q

Response Rate

A

The percentage of the sample that participated in the research

31
Q

Sample

A

The cross-section of people chosen in research to represent the views of the majority

32
Q

Sampling

A

Process of selecting a sample

33
Q

Sampling Frame

A

A list of members of the research population

34
Q

Triangulation

A

Refers to when two or more methods of data are used during research

35
Q

Variables

A

Any factor that can change or vary

36
Q

Independent Variable (IV)

A

The causal factor

What is changed to cause the DV

37
Q

Dependent Variable (DV)

A

The effect

What is measured/observed

Sociology A Level - Theory & Methods (2 decks)

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