Key Terms

Question 1

Folk psychology

Answer 1

our everyday ability to attribute mental states to other people, including their beliefs, desires, intentions and so forth

Question 2

eliminative materialism

Answer 2

Some or all common-sense (“folk-psychological”) mental states/properties do not exist and our common-sense understanding is radically mistaken (as defended by Patricia Churchland and Paul Churchland).

Question 3

vitalism

Answer 3

An eighteenth century belief about the animation of living things.

Question 4

anti-vitalism

Answer 4

A movement which believed vitalism gave an inadequate explanation for the reason of living things.

Question 5

caloric

Answer 5

A theory about heat transfer being a substance called ‘caloric’ which is transferred to hot objects when heat is transferred.

Question 6

miasma

Answer 6

A theory about the reason for the black death. Many doctors believes it was because of the air which was around sick people.