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Buddhism > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Ahisma

A

The ethical principle of not causing harm to other living things

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2
Q

Almsgibing

A

The early morning procession by monks past the homes of lay Buddhists, who put food into their alms bowl. Such charitable almsgiving (Dana) provides the laity with an opportunity to gain merit

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3
Q

Anatman

A

One of the thre marks of existence
No-self
-there is noting permanent in existence

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4
Q

Animistic

A

Abounding in deities/spirits both benevolent and malevolent

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5
Q

Arhat

A

“Worthy one”is the highest attainment

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6
Q

Asceticism

A

Severe self-discipline and avoidance of all dorm of indulgence

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7
Q

Bhikkhu and Bhikkhuni

A

A fully ordained Buddhist monk and member of the Sangam. Monos conduct their lives in accord with the rules laid out in the Vinaya Pitaka
And fully ordained bud nun, subjected to stricter regulations

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8
Q

Bodhi tree

A

Tree of awaking, sacred fig tree, where the Buddha attained enlightenment

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9
Q

Bodhicitta

A

enlightenment-mind” or “the thought of awakening”), is the mind (citta) that is aimed at awakening (bodhi), with wisdom and compassion for the benefit of all sentient beings.

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10
Q

Bodhisattva

A

(in Mahayana Buddhism) a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so out of compassion in order to save suffering beings.

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11
Q

bon

A

Tibetan religion
- indigenous religion came to be called bon
- initially hostile to Buddhism

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12
Q

Dependent arising

A
  • reveals the origin of our sense of self
  • it depends in part on our perceptions, our ignorance and our desires
  • each created self is dependent on a vast array of related phenomena
  • all these are impermanent
  • so are our many psychologically created selves
  • as these “grow old and die” we experience suffering
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13
Q

Dharma

A

One of the three jewels
- teachings

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14
Q

Dharma chakra (wheel of dharma)

A

A wheel with eight spokes that symbolizes the FOur Noble Truths and the Noble eightfold Path. It also symbolizes the spread and development of Buddhism

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15
Q

Duhkha/Dukkha

A

Suffering/disease

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16
Q

East Asian buddhism

A

Buddhism entered China via the Silk Roads in the 1st century CE (Kushana Empire in C.A.).
• Initially encountered resistance due to Confucian values (this-worldly).
• Grew popular after the fall of the Han Dynasty (c. 200 BCE - 200 CE).
• Gained power and popularity during the T’ang Dynasty (618-906 CE).

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17
Q

Esoteric

A

intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest.

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18
Q

Five precepts

A

No killing
No stealing
No sex
No lying
No intoxicants

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19
Q

Four noble thruths

A
  1. Suffering/ duhkha
  2. Origin/cause
  3. End of duhkha
  4. The noble 8-fold path
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20
Q

Four great sights

A

Aging
Illness
Dying

Sramana (renunciation)

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21
Q

Great renunciation

A

Basic Tenets
• The Great Renunciation
• Spiritual Teachers and Ascetic Practices
• The Middle Way
• Awakening/Enlightenment & Nirvana

22
Q

Impermanence

A

Anitya one of the three marks of existence

23
Q

Lama

A

A religious master. The term is often used as a polite form of address for any Tibetan monk. The honorific title Rinpoche is applied to highly attained teachers or monks

24
Q

Lay community

A

Lay People. Common forms of Buddhist practice for lay persons include visiting temples to pray, burn incense, place offerings of fruit or flowers at altars, and observe rituals performed by monks, such as the consecration of new images or the celebration of a Buddhist festival.

25
Q

Life story off the buddha

A
26
Q

Lotus

A

A kind if water lily, symbolizing that the Buddha nature emerges undefined from the middy depths of worldly existence (samsara). In iconography it may be used as the Buddha’s seat or throne

27
Q

Mahayana

A

Great vehicle. Form of Buddhism that emerged in the first century BCE and spread from northern India to china and japan. It is characterized by the ideal of the bodhisattva, one who strives to bring all beings to nirvana

28
Q

Middle way

A

Middle way is not living in luxury but not living destitute but in the middle

29
Q

Mudra

A

mudra is a symbolic or ritual gesture or pose in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. While some mudras involve the entire body, most are performed with the hands and fingers

30
Q

Nirvana

A

Nirvana is “blowing out” or “quenching” of the activities of the worldly mind and its related suffering. Nirvana is the goal of the Buddhist path, and marks the soteriological release from worldly suffering and rebirths in saṃsāra

31
Q

Noble eightfold path

A

The Eightfold Path (Pali: ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga; Sanskrit: āryāṣṭāṅgamārga)[1] is an early summary of the path of Buddhist practices leading to liberation from samsara, the painful cycle of rebirth,[2][3] in the form of nirvana.[4][5]

The Eightfold Path consists of eight practices: right view, right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right samadhi (‘meditative absorption or union’; alternatively, equanimous meditative awareness)

32
Q

Parinirvana

A

Parinirvana is a Mahayana Buddhist festival that marks the death of the Buddha. It is also known as Nirvana Day and is celebrated on February 15th. Buddhists celebrate the death of the Buddha, because they believe that having attained Enlightenment, he achieved freedom from physical existence and its sufferings

33
Q

Patron-priest relationship

A

The priest and patron relationship, also written as priest-patron or cho-yon (Tibetan: མཆོད་ཡོན་, Wylie: mchod yon; Chinese: 檀越关系; pinyin: Tányuè Guānxì), is the Tibetan political theory that the relationship between Tibet and China referred to a symbiotic link between a spiritual leader and a lay patron, such as the historic relationship between the Dalai Lama and the Qing emperor. They were respectively spiritual teacher and lay patron rather than subject and lord. Chöyön is an abbreviation of two Tibetan words: chöney, “that which is worthy of being given gifts and alms” (for example, a lama or a deity), and yöndag, “he who gives gifts to that which is worthy” (a patron).[1]

34
Q

Perfections

A

Six Perfections:
• Giving
• Morality (includes 10 good actions)
• Patience
• Vigor
• Meditation (dhyana)
• Wisdom (prajna)

Skillful means (upaya)
• Vows
• Power
• Omniscient Knowledge
• Ten Stages correspond to these perfections

35
Q

Pure land

A

A school of Mahayana bud characterized by faith in the compassion of the Buddha amitabha. Adherents hope to be reborn in amitabha’s pure land, also known as the western paradise.

36
Q

Rebirth and realms of existence

A

Buddhist cosmology typically identifies six realms of rebirth and existence: gods, demi-gods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts and hells.

37
Q

Samadhi

A

Meditative absorption

38
Q

Samsara

A

Saṃsāra in Buddhism and Hinduism is the beginningless cycle of repeated birth, mundane existence and dying again

39
Q

Sangha

A

The three jewels
- community

40
Q

Siddha and siddhi

A

siddha (Sanskrit: Meaning, “one who is accomplished”) refers to perfected spiritual masters who have transcended the ahamkara (ego, or I-maker) and transformed themselves into spiritual beings. Siddhas are described in Hindu, Buddhist, and Tantric texts.

41
Q

Stupa

A

Stupas contain relics, sacred texts or are symbolic representations of Buddha consciousness. They serve as facial points for veneration or meditation

42
Q

Tantra

A

body, mind, speech
• mudra, mandala, mantra
• enlightenment in this life
• siddha (accomplished person)
• guru initiates one into esoteric ritual
• meditation on yidam (tutelary deity)

43
Q

Theravada

A

Doctrine of the elders. The only surviving branch of the non-Mahayana Buddhist groups. It is the dominant form of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Myanmar. Thailand and other part of Southeast Asia. It is characterized by the pursuit of nirvana

44
Q

Three jewels/refuges

A

Lay Buddhists express a commitment to the three jewels or refuges: the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha

45
Q

Three marks of existence

A

Duhkha (dissatisfactoriness) •
Anitya (impermanence) •
Anatman (no-self)

46
Q

Trishna

A

ignorance + craving

47
Q

Tulju

A

These caves are one of the earliest caves of Junnar, excavated around 50 B.C. This Buddhist cave group consist of 11 cave

48
Q

Upaya

A

Skillful means

49
Q

Vajra

A

In the tantric traditions of Buddhism, the vajra is a symbol for the nature of reality, or sunyata, indicating endless creativity, potency, and skillful activity. The vajra and bell are used in many rites by a lama or any Vajrayana practitioner of sadhana.

50
Q

Vajrayana

A

Diamon/thunderbird vehicle. Form of bud, characterized by tantric practices, which became dominant in Tibet and later spread to Mongolia and back into India

51
Q

Vesak

A

Commemorates th Buddha’s birth. Enlightenment, and Parinirvana; celebrated in Theravada countries on the full moon in may, with special pujas (worship rituals) and Dharma teachings.

52
Q

Zen

A

Known as Chan in china. A Mahayana bud tradition that emphasizes meditation in the attainment of nirvana. In japan two main schools of zen emergency, the rinzai and the Soto

Buddhism (3 decks)

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